對照記　從《明室》的攝影現象學看張愛玲對老照相簿的視覺感知與想像

Reading Eileen Chang's Looking at the Old Photos through the Phenomenology of Roland Barthes in Camera Lucida

黃璿璋(Hsuan-Chang Huang)

《中外文學》 45卷1期 (2016/03) Pp. 167-194

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.2016.45(1).167-194

摘要

張愛玲與羅蘭．巴特（Roland Barthes）在創作、喜好與對母親的情感具有高度巧合，時賢不乏對兩人的比較論述。但如果要說明張愛玲閱讀照片時的「美感與神祕感」（李歐梵語）等美學與哲學意涵，惟有再對《對照記》與巴特的《明室》二書深入分析，方能釐清張愛玲閱讀照片時的感覺結構生成；尤其當《明室》提供了對相片具現象學式與邏輯式的閱讀方法。如果巴特《羅蘭‧巴特論羅蘭．巴特》（Roland Barthes par RolandBarthes）以圖像和照片詮釋自我生命，《對照記》則可視為「張愛玲論張愛玲」的一種欲望與行動。本文首先分析張愛玲在「自己看自己」的活動中，對於其多重陌生、艷異的「神情」和「擺姿勢」的各種解讀；其次則以「知面」與「刺點」討論張愛玲「看」背後的知識系統如何支撐她所注意的，關於衣服的細節。最後則回到張愛玲創作的美學風格，嘗試提出她「超人／凡人」、「瞬間／永恆」的對照美學，此種美學可連結張愛玲觀看照片所產生的死亡與永恆的時間感，亦是羅蘭．巴特觀看照片時，格外注重之處。

關鍵字

張愛玲 ； 《對照記》 ； 羅蘭．巴特 ； 現象學 ； 《明室》

並列摘要

This essay attempts to involve Eileen Chang and Roland Barthes in an encounter through the phenomenology of image in their looking at old photos. Leo Lee claims the ＂Eileen Chang creates a sense of mystery in a fabulous aesthetic context＂ in Looking at the Old Photos; however, the sense of Eileen Chang's look is not a complete mystery. In my opinion, Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida provides a phenomenological approach for understanding the sense of mystery in Looking at the Old Photos. My comparison of these two books focuses on three main points. First, in the photographic gaze of Eileen Chang looking at herself, in Roland Barthes’ words, the unfamiliarity makes her have a multiple understanding of her countenance and gesture. Secondly, Camera Lucida develops the twin concepts of studium and punctum to explain the attraction of photos. These concepts apply as well to Eileen Chang's habit of looking by which she always notices the details of clothing at first glance. Finally, just as Camera Lucida is a eulogy to Barthes's late mother, Looking at the Old Photos can be taken as a eulogy Eileen Chang' late mother and family members, as well. Roland Barthes and Eileen Chang both hold that the essence of a certain what has been can be revived by looking at photos.

並列關鍵字

Eileen Chang ； Looking at the Old Photos ； Roland Barthes ； Phenomenology ； Camera Lucida

參考文獻

許綺玲(2008)。巴特寫攝影：從《明室》讀《巴特寫巴特》。中央大學人文學報。32，59-83。

周蕾、劉逸竹譯(2002)。玫瑰的故事─再讀張愛玲的寫作技巧及其中之種種利害關係。中外文學。30(10)，135-55。

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