意識黑箱與「兩種文化之爭」－論戴維．洛奇的《想……》

Black Box of Human Consciousness and ＂Two Cultures Dispute＂-Reading David Lodge’s Thinks...

張瓊惠(Joan Chiung-huei Chang)

《中外文學》 46卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 55-81

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.2017.46(3).55-81

摘要

英國小說家／文學評論家戴維‧洛奇認為人類意識是充滿神秘、奧妙、難以探知究竟的黑箱。九○年代中期，因為許多科學新知的盛行及跨領域研究的興起，戴維‧洛奇的文學創作與研究中也陸續出現許多探索科學的內容，例如意識與感質、人工智慧與機器人等，其中又以再現藝術與科學這「兩種文化之爭」尤為精彩。本文將從科學邏輯以及文學分析的視角，檢視《想⋯⋯》如何探索「人類意識」與「感質」，指出「兩種文化之爭」不只呈現在洛奇的單一文本內，也再現在洛奇的跨文本間，以及小說的虛構世界和洛奇的真實人生，以此再次檢討人文及科學對立的問題。論文分為兩個部分，首先是檢視戴維‧洛奇如何在《想⋯⋯》這本小說中，分別用文學和科學架起兩個平台，去探索人類意識及感質的神祕世界；其次是洛奇如何用不同的文類，如評論、小說、戲劇、座談會等，去呈現「兩種文化之爭」。論文最後探討洛奇對兩種文化之爭的態度，以及化解這「兩種文化之爭」的可能策略。

關鍵字

戴維‧洛奇 ； 《想⋯⋯》 ； 《意識與小說》 ； 《私密想法》 ； 人類意識 ； 感質 ； 兩種文化之爭 ； 人工智慧

並列摘要

English writer and critic David Lodge considers human consciousness as an enigmatic and inscrutable ＂black box.＂ Influenced by the blooming scientific advancements and acclaim for interdisciplinary studies, scientific topics, such as consciousness, qualia, artificial intelligence and robots, frequently appear in Lodge's creative writings and literary criticism; a distinct example among them is his writing about the Two Cultures Dispute between arts and science. This study applies perspectives from scientific analytics and literary criticism to understand Lodge's exploration of human consciousness and qualia in his works, so as to unfold their intra-textual and inter-textual representations of the Two Cultures Dispute. There are mainly two parts in this study: the first examines the Two Cultures Dispute represented in Lodge's novel Thinks. . .; the second displays the Two Cultures Dispute realized by an inter-textual juxtaposition of Lodge's novel, literary criticism, drama and also his participation in a forum. The study aims to disclose Lodge's comments on the Two Culture Disputes and his proposed solution to this long-term argument.

並列關鍵字

David Lodge ； Thinks. . . ； Consciousness and the Novel ； Secret Thoughts ； human consciousness ； qualia ； Two Cultures Dispute ； artificial intelligence

參考文獻

冀劍制(2006)。心之不可化約性問題的論戰。哲學與文化。33(9)，147-63。

Greer, Bonnie (Chair), Lord Robert Winston, David Lodge, Kate McLuskie, and Paul Smith. “Arts vs. Science-Can One Exist Without the Other?” Edgbaston Park Road, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham. 25 May 2011. Debate. You Tube. Web. 18 May 2016.

Bakhtin, Mikhail M.,Holquist, Michael(ed. trans.),Emerson, Caryl(trans.)(1981).The Dialogic Imagination.Austin:U of Texas P.

Chalmers, David(1995).Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness.Journal of Consciousness Studies.2(3),200-19.

Cole, Rupert(2016).A Tale of Two Train Journeys: Lawrence Bragg, C. P. Snow and the 'Two Cultures'.Interdisciplinary Science Reviews.41(2-3),133-47.