從文物真品收藏到文創商品行銷：歷史文物的產業化進程－從《高堡奇人》中的二元思維與資本主義邏輯談起

From Historical Objects Collection to Cultural and Creative Commodities Marketing: Exploring Dualism and the Capitalistic Logic in The Man in the High Castle

曾瑞華(Laurie Jui-hua Tseng)

《中外文學》 47卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 9-44

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.201803_47(1).0002

摘要

本文透過紀傑克論諾斯底主義與資本主義的觀點閱讀迪克的架空歷史小說《高堡奇人》。透過小說中架空歷史的敘事結構與文物收藏的故事情節，本文指出，儘管作者原本企圖藉由對虛實的顛覆與對文創複製商品的抗拒擺脫卑劣的物質世界，以臻至完美的靈知世界，其對真實的執著（一如其明顯可見的諾斯底主義色彩）不僅沒有讓他更接近真實的理想世界，反而讓他因僵固化（或物化）的價值理念更進一步地深陷於虛幻的觀念迷宮─或即紀傑克理論中所描述的最具法西斯主義色彩的利比多轉化機制：資本主義體制。例如，儘管從事歷史文物與原創手工藝品買賣的契爾丹先生反對在開模量產文創商品的產銷過程中，原創的美國手工藝品只能做量產商品的模子，對於資本主義抹殺原創真品價值的運作更是強烈不滿，其對原創真品的看重事實上仍是與資本主義商品區隔的運作邏輯互嵌的。基於此，他所拒絕量產的文創商品不僅不會消失，反而得以藉由其所值的價格流通市場，間接鞏固他所批判的資本／重利主義。全文共分四節，首節論證小說中的二元思維與諾斯底主義色彩，次節闡述紀傑克有關諾斯底二元思維與資本主義發展邏輯的論述，第三節從小說中與文物收藏及交易有關的細節探討真品收藏與資本主義運作邏輯的相關性，並藉以反思當代社會中商品化歷史文物充斥的現況，末節則從紀傑克的觀點探討如何以更有建設性的態度面對歷史文物的產業化過程。

關鍵字

歷史文物 ； 文化生產 ； 諾斯底主義 ； 資本主義 ； 《高堡奇人》 ； 不作為

並列摘要

This article explores the dualism and capitalistic logic inherent in Philip K. Dick's alternative history novel The Man in the High Castle by using Slavoj Zizek's theory on Gnosticism and capitalistic logic. Through an analysis (based on Zizek's critique on the dualism of Gnosticism) of the futile resistance to the industrialization of the historical objects in the novel, this article, by revealing the conceptual trap of dualism, explains why the author, in spite of his attempt to pursue the immaterial gnosis absent from the present world, still fails to disengage himself from the material world he thought he would be disengaged from. The article comprises of four sections. The first section uncovers the dualistic order and the Gnostic element of the novel. The second section explores Zizek's view on Gnosticism and its affinity with the operation of capitalism. The third section examines capitalism as the fundamental structure which not only underlies the development of the novel, especially the part involving historical objects collection and exchange, but also dominates the development of our contemporary society where historical objects are driven to be commercialized. Finally, on the basis of Zizek's theory of non-action the last section attempts to propose a way to confront the capitalization of historical objects better than Dick's Gnostic approach.

並列關鍵字

historical objects ； cultural production ； Gnosticism ； capitalism ； The Man in the High Castle ； non-action

參考文獻

Marcuse, Herbert. The Aesthetic Dimension: Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics. Boston: Beacon, 1978.

Mountfort, Paul. “The I Ching and Philip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle.” Science Fiction Studies 43 (2016): 287-309.

Pagels, Elaine. The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the Pauline Letters. New York: Continuum International Publishing, 1992.

Philmus, Robert M. “Time out of Joint: The World(s) of Philip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle.” Visions and Re-visions. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 2006.

許俶瑛（Hsu, Chu-ying）。〈以社會交換理論觀點探討故宮博物院與企業聯合品牌之研究〉“Yi shehui chiaohuan lilun guangdiang tantao Gugong buowuyuan yu qiye lianhe pinpai zhi yanjiu” [A Study of National Palace Museum Co-branding with Corporate from the Social Exchange Theory Perspective]。碩士論文Shuoshi lunwen [Master’s Thesis]。國立台北教育大學文化創意產業經營學研究所Guoli Taipeichiaoyu daxue wenhua chuangyi chanye jingyingxue yanjiuhsuo [The Graduate Institute of Cultural Creative Industry Management of National Taipei University of Education]，2015。