內在的例外：作為類屬程序的政治主體

巴迪烏認為當代的幾股哲學思潮太過強烈地致力於多義性和語言的多元性，將哲學納入對語言的思考，結果則是以多元意義的理念代替了真理的理念，因此必須扭轉這樣的現象。是以，他必須思考一種新的主體學說，他並不同意傳統哲學中將主體視為某種本質化的實體，但也不同意將實體視為幻覺對其進行批判或將其解消，相對地，巴迪烏強調主體的變動性，主體顯現於一系列程序後的集合。巴迪烏認為，他對主體的主要工作，便是說明如何在一種不可辨識，不可區分的事件出現之際，透過多之實存、力迫、集合等數學本體論的概念，實踐主體理論。類屬程序的主體讓政治主體保持能動性，即他既成為例外，亦可在例外中重新運算，以此對原先的非存在重新命名與重新理解，並因此拆解既有的情勢結構。政治主體是通過一連串政治活動而形成的集合，並且在不斷的生成過程中，不至於成為惰性的政治主體，主體因此無法特定命名，無法被編碼，這種情況才能避免極權或作為專名後失去了動能，即政治能動性不會因為自己被編碼於某種政黨，而失去了政治的動力。

關鍵字

巴迪烏；阿圖塞；忠實；類屬程序；數學本體論；主體

並列摘要

The contemporary philosophical movements, Badiou contends, are so strenuously dedicated to multiple multiplicity and the multiplicity of language that they replace the concept of truth with the concept of multiple meaning. As a result, philosophy is reduced to the thinking of language. Badiou urges transforming this phenomenon. Conceptualizing a new theory of subject, Badiou does not embrace the contention in the traditional sense that tends to regard the subject as the essential entity. Meanwhile, he does not support the fact that traditional philosophy regards the subject as an illusion to further critique or eliminate. Instead, Badiou stresses the mobility of the subject, that is, the subject appearing after a series of procedures. The major task for Badiou's theory of the subject strives to explain how the emergence of the subject, which remains undivided and undistinguished, can actualize the theory of the subject through his mathematical ontology such as multiplebeing, forcing, and empty set. The subject's generic procedure can maintain the mobility of the political subject. In other words, the political subject not only becomes an exception, or a possible recount in the exception, but also renames and re-conceptualizes the original inexistence, thereby debunking the existing situation structure. The political subject is formed as a set through a series of political activities, and constantly situated in the process of becoming without turning to an inert political subject. As such, the subject can neither be named nor coded. Under such a circumstance, the political subject can prevent itself from falling into the totalitarianism or becoming a proper name without mobility. In other words, the subject will not lose its political mobility even when it is codified to belong to a particular political party.