「這條狗就是這條路」：吳爾芙狗傳記《福樂喜》的流變實踐與危命易受性

維吉妮亞．吳爾芙的狗傳記《福樂喜》以人狗界線曖昧不明的觀點呈現維多利亞時代女詩人伊莉莎白．貝瑞特．布朗寧與其寵物狗福樂喜日常生活重要事件，對於不同城市氣候與公共安危帶給人與非人的影響，有著細膩的著墨與明顯的對比。傳記以狗為主角，在文學敘事與動物議題上日益引發爭辯。本論文第一部將討論以動物觀點書寫的擬人化爭議及這類評論的可能設限。第二部分將焦點放在女作家與狗之間連結，並以德勒茲式情動，開展有別於文學擬人化與性別政治的生命－書寫－人－狗流變關係性。第三部分加入茱蒂斯．巴特勒的生命理論，重思文本迫出的平等問題與政治性。除了援用德勒茲的情動與內在性概念思考《福樂喜》人－物界線游移不定之狀態與人－物相互影響之組配關係之外，本文認為可進一步藉由巴特勒的危命概念，補充德勒茲哲學中較少提及的平等預設問題。本文試圖以微命與危命所能開展的情動平等預設為理論框架，論述吳爾芙的《福樂喜》如何能從人本中心的國／家／主體問題開啟逃逸路線，重思人與非人的界限，並在書寫的流變實踐中，進一步開展無限生命的創造性連結。

關鍵字

吳爾芙；《福樂喜》；狗；德勒茲；情動；巴特勒；危命；易受性；平等

並列摘要

Virginia Woolf's dog biography Flush dwells upon the eponymous cocker spaniel's companion relationship with the Victorian poetess Elizabeth Barrett Browning from cold, damp London to sunny Pisa and Florence. With the dog as the central character, the narrative is unfolded more through bodily senses than from the perspective of an omnipotent narrator, thus raising debates over the literary device and the animal issue. The first section of this paper will discuss some criticisms on this book, particularly the debate regarding anthropocentric and anthropomorphic writings and its limitation. The second section will focus on the relationality between the female writers and dogs to tease out the writer's Deleuzian praxis of becoming in response to the human/ non-human dualism. The third section will bring in the discussion of Judith Butler's conceptualization of precarious life and vulnerability alongside the Deleuzian affect to account for the world's impingement on the body. This paper argues that the affective equality based on bodily vulnerability prompts us to rethink the boundary between the human and the non-human as well as to create infinite linkage between lives.

並列關鍵字

Virginia Woolf ； Flush ； dog ； Gilles Deleuze ； affect ； Judith Butler ； precarious life ； vulnerability ； equality

參考文獻

張小虹（Chang, Hsiao-hung）。〈運動齊物論：物－件與民主〉“Yundong qiwu lun: Wu-jian yu minzhu” [Equality in Movement: Thing-Event and Democracy]。《中外文學》Chung Wai Literary Quarterly 46.3 (2017): 17-53。

Butler, Judith. Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2015.

Butler, Judith. “Precarious Life, Vulnerability, and the Ethics of Cohabitation.” Journal of Speculative Philosophy 26.2 (2012): 134-51.

Shukin, Nicole. “Transfections of Animal Touch, Techniques of Biosecurity.” Social Semiotics 21.4 (2011): 483-501.

Smith, Craig. “Across the Widest Gulf: Nonhuman Subjectivity in Virginia Woolf's Flush.” Twentieth Century Literature 48.3 (2002): 348-61.

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「這條狗就是這條路」：吳爾芙狗傳記《福樂喜》的流變實踐與危命易受性

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