自戀、傷口與責任：努薇之納西瑟斯閱讀與法蘭西的瑪麗之〈基熱馬〉與〈狼人〉

Narcissism, Wound, and Responsibility: Claire Nouvet's Reading of Narcissus and Marie de France's ＂Guigemar＂ and ＂Bisclavret＂

羅章彥(Chang-Yen Lo)

《中外文學》 50卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 113-153

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.202112_50(4).0005

摘要

美國學者努薇透過解構與精神分析閱讀，將納西瑟斯詮釋為一個主體性與意識遭到內部他者阻斷的自戀主體，並解釋這般與內部他者的遭逢是不可避免的。在十二世紀，法蘭西的瑪麗之敘事詩〈基熱馬〉與〈狼人〉也深刻探索相關主題。本論文首先透過交織努薇的納西瑟斯、精神分析理論與瑪麗的〈基熱馬〉與〈狼人〉，探討三個文本如何呈現並變形自戀主體、傷口與內部他者等主題，並進一步討論內部他者如何喚起三個文本裡的抵抗閱讀；此閱讀除了挑戰並顛覆原本主宰的、權威性的意義，同時也促使讀者負起閱讀文本內傷口的責任。此外，筆者強調瑪麗的匿名與晦澀文意等寫作策略，除了能夠使作者與讀者避免本身的自戀盲目，更提醒所有主體皆必須接納並擁抱多樣異質性。最後，對努薇與瑪麗而言，面對他者的倫理是永不停歇的實踐，主體必須不斷敞開自己面向那未知，並詰問那不可理解的他者到底是誰、想要什麼，才能協調並配置自我與那不斷侵擾的內部他者的關係。

關鍵字

努薇 ； 法蘭西的瑪麗 ； 納西瑟斯 ； 〈基熱馬〉 ； 〈狼人〉 ； 精神分析 ； 自戀 ； 傷口 ； 責任 ； 倫理

並列摘要

In Claire Nouvet's deconstructive and psychoanalytic reading, Narcissus is interpreted as a narcissistic subject whose subjectivity and consciousness are ruptured by his inner Other; such an encounter is ineluctable. In the twelfth century, Marie de France's lais ＂Guigemar＂ and ＂Bisclavret＂ also delve into similar themes. By interweaving Nouvet's reading of Narcissus, psychoanalysis, and Marie's lais, this paper first aims to elucidate how these texts present and transform the themes of the narcissistic subject, the wound, and the inner Other. Next, I further discuss how the inner Other in the texts facilitates a resistant reading which challenges and transgresses the dominant, authoritative meaning and asks the reader to take the responsibility of reading the marginalized textual ruptures. Moreover, I emphasize that Marie's writing strategies of anonymity and obscurity not only prevent both the author and the reader from being narcissistic but also urge all human beings to accept and embrace heterogeneity. Finally, for both Nouvet and Marie, the ethics of facing the Other is a persistent practice in which the subject has to keep the self open to the unknown and to question what the unfathomable Other wants in order to reconfigure the relations between the self and the Other.

並列關鍵字

Claire Nouvet ； Marie de France ； Narcissus ； ＂Guigemar＂ ； ＂Bisclavret＂ ； psychoanalysis ； narcissism ； wound ； responsibility ； ethics

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