聚胺基甲酸酯與黏土奈米複合材料的合成與性質

Synthesis and Properties of Polyurethane/Clay Nanocomposites

王宗櫚(Tzong-Liu Wang) ； 黃芳榮(Fang-Jung Huang) ； 黃柏豪(Po-Hao Huang) ； 陳建文(Chien-Wen Chen)

《材料科學與工程》 35卷4期 (2003/12) Pp. 240-244

https://doi.org/10.6409/JMSE.200312.0240

摘要

本研究利用聚胺基甲酸酯(polyurethane)與反應型有機黏土(organoclay)合成具有彈性的奈米複合材料，藉由無機材料在高分子中的奈米級分散，使聚胺基甲酸酯達到改質的效果。將鈉－蒙脫土(Na(上標 +)-montmorillonite)分別以12-烷基二胺(1,12-diaminododecane)、18-烷基二醯胺二肢爲膨潤劑(swelling agent)進行陽離子交換，而製備得到親油性的有機黏土。處理後的有機黏土分別以1%、3%、5%、10%的重量分率分散於聚胺基甲酸酯中，即得到聚胺基甲酸酯／黏土奈米複合材料。經由XRD (X-ray diffraction)分析顯示有機黏土層間距離已被膨潤撐開，FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)鑑定顯示聚胺基甲酸酯／黏土奈米複合材料合成成功，TGA (thermogravimetric analyses)測定顯示聚胺基甲酸酯／黏土奈米複合材料熱穩定性較純聚胺基甲酸酯爲佳，並由機械強度及吸水性質的測定結果顯示，聚胺基甲酸酯／黏土奈米複合材料的性質獲得有效的提升，確實達到補強的效果。

關鍵字

聚胺基甲酸酯 ； 反應型有機黏土 ； 奈米複合材料 ； 鈉－蒙脫土 ； 膨潤劑 ； 熱穩定性

並列摘要

Nanocomposites possessing elastomeric properties were synthesized from polyurethane and reactive organoclay. By a nanometer-scale dispersion of inorganic materials in polymer substrate, the properties of polyurethanes might be modified. Lipophilic organoclays were prepared by cationic exchange of Na(superscript +)-montmorillonite with 1,12-diaminododecane or octadecyl di-amide-amine as a swelling agent. The well-synthesized organoclays were dispersed in polyurethanes with the weight fraction of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. The polyurethane/clay nanocomposites were then obtained. X-ray diffraction patterns show the products were intercalated by polyurethanes. FT-IR characterization indicated the polyurethane/clay nanocomposites had been successfully synthesized. TGA analysis revealed that the thermal stabilities of polyurethane/clay nanocomposites were better than the original polyurethane. Mechanical properties and water absorption tests exhibited a striking increase in the physical properties for polyurethane/clay nanocomposites, indicating a reinforcing effect had occurred.

並列關鍵字

polyurethane ； reactive organoclay ； nanocomposites ； Na(superscript)-montmorillonite ； swelling agent ； thermal stability