軍事獎懲促發對創造力表現的影響

The Priming Effects of Reward and Punishment on the Performance of Creativity

邱發忠(Fa-Chung Chiu) ； 陳學志(Hsueh-Chih Chen) ； 徐芝君(Chih-Chun Hsu)

《復興崗學報》 90期 (2007/12) Pp. 73-103

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.200712.0003

摘要

大多數研究者認為創造力是穩定不變的能力，其實，短暫的情境促發因素也會影響個體創造力的表現。因此，本研究目的在探究軍事獎懲促發對創造力表現的影響。實驗一操弄獎勵與懲罰促發，並以頓悟性問題測驗測量創造力表現（依變項）。結果顯示，獎勵促發組在頓悟性問題測驗上的表現高於懲罰促發組。實驗二相同於實驗一的獎懲促發操弄，但使用擴散性思考創造作業（新編創造思考測驗）來測量創造力。結果顯示，獎勵促發組除了在語文獨創力指標表現邊緣顯著高於懲罰組外，其它創造指標均沒有顯著的差異性。實驗三改變操弄獎勵與懲罰促發的操弄方式，並使用中文遠距聯想量表測量創造力，再加上中性組當作參照。結果發現，獎勵促發組在中文遠距聯想量表上的表現高於懲罰促發組、中性組，但是，懲罰組與中性組之間沒有差異，即獎勵可以提升創造力的表現，但是，懲罰並不會降低創造力的表現。本研究結果將可作為軍事組織提升創造力的參考。

關鍵字

創造力 ； 情緒 ； 調整焦點 ； 獎勵 ； 懲罰

並列摘要

Creativity has commonly been thought of as stable abilities, but, actually, the transient priming factors also could influence the performance of creativity. Therefore, this study had three experiments to investigate the priming effects of reward and punishment on creative performance. The results in experiment 1 found that the group of reward priming had better performance than group of punishment priming on the Test of Insight Problem. In experiment 2 which manipulation was the same as experiment 1, but, in experiment 2 using New Creativity Test as dependent variable. The results of experiment 2 suggested that the group of reward priming had significantly marginally greater performance than the group of punishment on original index of language creativity, but, the remaining indexes were no difference. In experiment 3, the result suggested that the group of reward priming was better performance than the group of punishment priming and control group on Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT). However, there was no difference between group of punishment priming and control group, which meant that reward can improve creativity, but, punishment didn't decrease creativity. This research results gave us an insight into creativity curriculum or the military organization's management in the future, in order to cultivate and improve creativity effectively.

並列關鍵字

creativity ； emotion ； regulatory focus ； reward ； punishment