原住民季節傳統知識的類型與應用

TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF SEASONAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

劉庭瑋(Ting-Wei Liou) ； 廖敏君(Min-Chun Liao) ； 曾喜育(Hsy-Yu Tzeng) ； 董景生(Gene-Sheng Tung)

《中華林學季刊》 53卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 137-154

摘要

在原住民傳統生態知識中的季節知識可分為對於「年度的週期性認知」以及從其衍生出的行為，包含年度的終始、期間的區分、各期間可利用的資源、氣候的變化等，以及如何在沒有文字紀錄下，透過觀察動植物生長、遷徙等物候變化，發展出適合當地環境的生計活動、慣俗及歲時祭儀。原住民族對於時間、日、月、年甚至天氣、季節變化的認知，大多透過天體運行、天氣變化、動物遷徙、植物開花結果等自然現象，進而演變成曆法。本研究整理國內外原住民族季節知識文獻發現，透過當地的氣候、動植物變化應可與自然科學結合，以做為現今自然資源管理、傳統生態知識代間傳承、監控全球氣候變遷的依據。另一方面，原住民族語言、時間觀與文化是構成傳統生態知識的重要元素，因此季節知識也有保存文化多樣性的功能。由於傳統生態知識和自然科學的特性差異，使季節知識在收集、分析、應用的過程中仍需改善這兩類型知識間的轉換及應用方式，應可達到互補的效果。因此季節知識在自然科學和人文科學領域皆有其獨特的價值，應獲得重視並被保存流傳。

關鍵字

傳統生態知識 ； 季節知識 ； 季節曆 ； 原住民族

並列摘要

Seasonal knowledge about the traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous peoples can be divided into a periodical cognition of a year and derived behavior, which includes the end of a year, division of a period, resources available during each period, and climate change. Furthermore, such knowledge can be developed further into livelihood activities, customs, and rituals suitable for the local environment without written records by observing phenological changes, such as animal-plant growth and migration. Perceptions toward changes in time, day, month, year, weather, and seasons of the indigenous peoples have evolved into calendars mainly through observation of natural phenomena, such as celestial movement, weather changes, animal migration, and plant flowering and fruiting. The review article collated literature at the local and global levels on the knowledge of indigenous peoples about seasons and found that changes in local climate, animals, and plants could be combined with natural sciences to form the basis for the management of natural resources, inheritance of traditional ecological knowledge, and monitoring of global climate change. Alternatively, traditional ecological knowledge comprised essential elements, such as indigenous languages, time concepts, and culture. Therefore, seasonal knowledge also functions in the preservation of cultural diversity. Methods used in the collection, interpolation, and analysis of seasonal knowledge should to be improved when applying traditional ecological knowledge and natural science due to differences in their characteristics. Therefore, seasonal knowledge holds a unique value for the natural sciences and humanities and should be valued and preserved.

並列關鍵字

Traditional ecological knowledge ； seasonal knowledge ； seasonal calendar ； indigenous peoples