Preferred Ecosystem Characteristics: Their Food and Health Relevance to China'S Rapid Urbanisation

优选生态系统特征：其在中国快速城市化进程中同食品和健康的关联研究

Valerie Gibson ； Yong-Guan Zhu ； Rubing Ge ； Mark L Wahlqvist

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 24卷4期 (2015/12) Pp. 556-574

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.29

摘要

纵观中国历史，食品系统同人类及其生境相互包容，是支撑人口增长的重要基础。维续这种关系需要充分的生态系统维护、人为改造以及高度可回收的营养流。日趋老龄化社会的人口规模和结构、基础设施的现代化改造、以及不断提高的对于更加优质生活的期望，使得生态环境可持续性迎来拐点。中国要加速城市化建设以期在未来15－20年承纳3亿新增人口，而与此同时还要兼顾环境的承载力。城市化进程将从根本上改变农村城市，以及联系二者的众多系统，其中，林林总总的生态系统以及同生态系统紧密联系的食品和健康系统是最重要的。同时，对该过程的刻画与监管对于降低生态破坏并改善人类社会福祉至关重要。本研究对于健康进行情景分析，研究有益或有损健康的生态环境；另一方面对环境和健康依赖的食品系统进行情景模拟。本文通过列表详尽描述中国的现状，以帮助寻求最优化的人造生态系统方案。

關鍵字

生态系统健康疾病 ； 城市化 ； 农村 ； 自然环境 ； 食品系统

並列摘要

For most of its history, China has supported a growing population through food systems which have been mutually inclusive of people and their locality. This trajectory has required adequate ecosystem maintenance or humanised reformulation and a high degree of recyclable nutrient flow. The 'tipping point' in habitat sustainability has come with the size and demographic structure of China's population to one that is ageing, with modernisation of its infrastructure and increased expectations of better livelihoods, standards of living and health. In order to meet these expectations, China has embarked on rapid urbanisation for upwards of 300 million people over the next 15-20 years and to do so taking account of the environmental limitations. The process will radically change rural as well as urban China and the systems which connect them. Chief among these will be ecosystems in number and type along with the food and health systems integral to them. To minimise ecological damage and optimise the benefits to people and place, describing, monitoring and managing the process will be paramount. The present paper is a situational analysis of health as it may be ecologically favoured or disordered (Ecosystem Health Disorders) and of the food systems on which the environment and health depend. An effort is made to enumerate the current situation in China in a way that might enable the optimisation of humanised ecosystems.

並列關鍵字

ecosystem health disorders ； urbanisation ； rural ； natural environment ； food systems