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老年人營養風險篩選工具之比較

Comparison of Nutritional Risk Screening Tools for the Elderly

摘要


背景:根據民國108年1月內政部統計,臺灣65歲以上老年人比例高達14.62%,由高齡化社會轉為高齡社會。2014~2016年臺灣營養健康狀況變遷調查指出,衰弱老年人飲食中六大類食物攝取比例嚴重失衡。目的:透過比較各國老年人使用之營養風險篩選工具,了解常用的篩選工具與篩選量表問題,以做為日後制定或修正老年人營養風險篩選工具之參考依據。方法:本研究利用文獻回顧方式,蒐集整理各國(臺灣、日本、中國、美國、加拿大、英國及澳洲等)之老年人營養風險篩選工具,探討各營養風險篩選工具之內容相關性,並進一步比較體位測量、食物攝取、活動能力、疾病、健康狀態及精神心理問題。結果:各國研究者較多使用迷你營養評估量表(Mini Nutritional Assessment,MNA)、營養不良通用篩檢工具(Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, MUST)、主觀性營養評估量表(Subjective Global Assessment,SGA)、簡易迷你營養評估量表(Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form,MNA-SF)及營養危險因子篩檢方法(Nutritional Risk Screening 2002,NRS 2002)等篩選工具。其中最常見的篩選問題為「體重」與「進食量」。結論:各國常用老年人營養風險篩選工具中,最常見的篩選問題為「體重」與「進食量」。透過各國常用老年人營養風險篩選工具之比較,以做為日後制定或修正臺灣老年人營養風險篩選工具參考依據,未來可透過發展適合臺灣老年人之營養風險篩檢工具,針對營養不良風險之老年人提供適當的營養支持。

並列摘要


Background: According to a report by the Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (Taiwan) in 2019, the elderly aged of ≥65 years in Taiwan had reached 14.62% of the population, and so Taiwan has officially become an aged society. The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan in 2014~2016 (2014-2016 NAHSIT) also reported that the elderly had an imbalanced dietary intake from six food groups. Aim: By comparing the nutritional risk screening tools for the elderly in different countries, we attempted to understand commonly used nutritional screening tools and screening questions in these questionnaires as a reference for future development or revision of nutritional risk screening tools for the elderly in Taiwan. Methods: In order to understand the nutritional status of the elderly, this study collected nutritional risk screening tools from Taiwan, Japan, China, the USA, Canada, the UK, and Australia through literature reviews. We also analyzed anthropometric measurements, food intake, mobility, diseases, health status, and neuropsychological problems according to different nutritional risk screening tools. Results: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the MNA Short Form (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) are commonly used in those countries. Questions about the body weight and food intake were most common. Conclusions: The most commonly used screening questions among international nutritional risk screening tools for the elderly were about body weight and food intake. An analysis of nutritional risk screening tools will be helpful in developing a suitable nutritional risk screening tool for Taiwan and therefore may provide appropriate nutritional support to the elderly with nutritional risks.

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