古埃及史學研究的發展

The Development of Historiography of Ancient Egyptian

徐詩薇(Hsu, Shih-wei)

《臺大歷史學報》 63期 (2019/06) Pp. 235-290

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.201906_(63).0005

摘要

本文旨在綜論古埃及歷史研究的發展，以及與古埃及歷史相關的文獻內容。由於古埃及沒有編年史，也沒有史官撰寫史書，歷史學家只能根據古典時代的史學家、旅遊家、地理學家和探險家撰寫的紀錄，重建古埃及歷史。隨著埃及熱的來臨、象形文字的解讀，以及考古發掘工作的進行，大量古埃及文獻得以重見天日。這些文獻中，尤以與歷史相關的內容受到埃及學學者的青睞，然而至今尚未有整合性的研究。有鑒於此，本文將用新的角度分析古埃及史學發展：第一部分講述古埃及歷史的定義，並按年代順序分析古典時期、中古世紀和文藝復興時期的歷史學家、地理學者與哲學家如何重建古埃及歷史？接著觀察拿破崙進軍埃及之後，對埃及學的發展帶來何種影響？近代的埃及學學者如何透過研究資料重建古埃及的歷史？第二部分則是探究古埃及文獻的重要性，及其提供的訊息，包括國王銘文、私人傳記、考察銘文和歷史性的文學作品等。透過重新定義和解析這些文獻，希望能更接近現代人所謂的「歷史」思維。

關鍵字

古埃及 ； 史學研究 ； 國王銘文 ； 傳記銘文 ； 埃及熱

並列摘要

This paper aims to discuss ancient Egyptian historiography and its documents and records. In contrast to other ancient civilizations, there was no so-called chronicle or historical book in ancient Egypt due to their concept of time. Many historians seek to rebuild the history of ancient Egypt relying on records written by Greek and Roman historians, geographers and explorers. With their obsession with ancient Egypt, the so-called ＂Egytomania＂ and decipherment of hieroglyphs, people are interested in ancient Egyptian culture. Through excavations in Egypt, many documents have been discovered; the texts could be understood und translated. Among these documents, one finds records concerning history, which are preferred by Egyptologists. This paper is divided into two parts: The first part will be focused on the definition of ancient Egyptian history from the descriptions of ancient Egypt by classical historians, geographers, explorers, and philosophers. How did they try to rebuild the history of ancient Egypt? Furthermore, after Napoleon occupied Egypt, what kind of influence did he bring to the European academic world? The establishment of Egyptology became a popular phenomenon in Europe. Different well-trained Egyptologists tried to reconstruct ancient Egyptian history. The second part will examine what kinds of documents could help to rebuild history? What genres of texts are historical? Royal inscriptions, biographies, historical literature etc. are typical resources which depict directly and indirectly diverse historical events. Their characteristics and importance will be discussed.

並列關鍵字

Ancient Egypt ； Historiography ； Royal inscriptions ； Biographies ； Egyptomania

參考文獻

Allen, James P. Middle Egyptian. An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Babbitt, Frank C. Plutarch, Moralia. Vol. 5. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Breasted, James H. Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Time to the Persian Conquest, collected, edited, and translated, with commentary. Vol. 1-5. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1906-1907.

Champollion, Jean F. Dictionaire égyptien en écriture hiéroglyphique. Paris: Firmin Didot Frères, 1841.

Davies, Benedict G. Ramesside Inscriptions: Notes and Comments. Vol. 3. Oxford: WileyBlackwell, 2013.