感覺處理功能障礙與自閉症青少年生活品質之關係

The Relationship Between Sensory Processing Disorder and Quality of Life in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder

徐慧箴(Hui-Jen Shyu) ； 曾美惠(Mei-Hui Tseng) ； 陳昱瑋(Yu-Wei Ryan Chen)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 39卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 189-210

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.202112_39(2).0004

摘要

感覺處理功能障礙（sensory processing disorder, SPD）為登錄、調節及使用環境感覺訊息來組織行為的困難。依神經閾值高低與行為反應模式，感覺刺激的處理模式可分為感覺敏感、感覺逃避、低登錄量及感覺尋求。生活品質是多面向概念，包括個人對身心健康、社會功能之主觀感受。SPD在自閉症類群障礙症（autism spectrum disorder, ASD）族群中盛行率高（50-90%）。ASD因SPD而產生非適應性行為並影響生活品質。本研究以中文版青少年／成人感覺史量表（Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile Chinese Version, AASP-C）與兒科生活品質問卷第四版（Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0, PedsQL^(TM)4.0）探討ASD青少年感覺處理功能與生活品質之關係。本研究對象為86名ASD青少年。以AASP-C, PedsQL^(TM)4.0分別評量感覺處理功能與生活品質，並以皮爾森相關及多元線性迴歸分析SPD與ASD青少年生活品質之關聯性。結果發現低登錄量與感覺敏感與PedsQL^(TM)4.0所有面向分別呈中度或低至中度負相關（r = -0.326 ～ -0.509, r = -0.300 ～ -0.543）。感覺逃避與情緒功能呈中度負相關（r = -0.343），社會心理（r = -0.287）與整體生活品質（r= -0.283）呈低度負相關。迴歸分析顯示性別、感覺敏感為身體及情緒功能之相關因子（ps ＜ 0.05），低登錄量為社會、學校及社會心理功能之相關因子（ps ＜0.01）。低登錄量與感覺敏感為整體生活品質之相關因子（ps ＜ 0.05）。ASD青少年感覺處理功能與生活品質有顯著相關。研究結果可供治療師針對生活中之感覺刺激進行調整或提供合適的介入與調適技巧，以促進ASD青少年之生活品質。

關鍵字

感覺處理功能 ； 生活品質 ； 自閉症類群障礙症 ； 青少年

並列摘要

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is difficulty registering, modulating, and organizing sensory inputs to adapt to environment. Based on neurological threshold and behavioral response, sensory processing patterns may be characterized into four quadrants: low registration, sensory sensitivity, sensation seeking, and sensation avoiding. Quality of life (QoL) is multidimensional and individual's perceived well-being in all domains of life. Prevalence of SPD has been reported high in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Due to SPD, individuals with ASD demonstrate maladaptive behaviors which affect their QoL. This study examined the relationship between SPD measured with the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile-Chinese Version (AASP-C) and QoL measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQoL 4.0) in youth with ASD. A total of 86 youth with ASD (mean age=13.72 years, SD=1.90) were recruited. Pearson correlation analyses revealed moderate negative correlations between low registration and all dimensions of QoL (r = -0.326 ~ -0.509). Low-to-moderate negative correlations were found between sensory sensitivity and all dimensions of QoL (r = -0.300 ~ -0.543). Moderate and low negative correlations were found between sensation avoiding and emotional (r = -0.343), psychosocial (r = -0.287), and overall (r = -0.283) QoL. Multiple regression model showed that gender and sensory sensitivity were associated factors of physical and emotional functions (ps ＜ 0.05). Low registration was an associated factor of social, school, and psychosocial functions (ps ＜ 0.01), whereas low registration and sensory sensitivity were associated factors of overall QoL (ps ＜ 0.05). Results of the study suggest intervention should target at these factors to improve QoL of youth with ASD.

並列關鍵字

Autism Spectrum Disorder ； Quality of Life ； Sensory Process ； Youth