低層建築物屋頂太陽能光電板之受風作用特性研究

WIND EFFECTS ON SOLAR PANEL ARRAYS MOUNTED ON FLAT ROOFS TOP OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS

陳若華(Jwo-Hua Chen) ； 周晉成(Chin-Cheng Chou) ； 羅元隆(Yuan-Lung Lo)

《中國土木水利工程學刊》 31卷8期 (2019/12) Pp. 747-758

https://doi.org/10.6652/JoCICHE.201912_31(8).0008

摘要

本研究利用風洞實驗探討不同安裝條件下，建築物平屋頂面上之太陽光電板陣列風荷載特徵，考慮的因素包括風向角、光電板安裝排數、安裝間距、退縮、女兒牆等影響，並建議設計風壓係數。研究顯示，風荷載主要受到安裝位置及光電板陣列排列方式影響，在多排太陽光電板陣列的受風作用以接近建築物邊緣的第一排最為強烈，後排的光電板受到前排的遮擋，受風力減少甚多，隨著排與排間距增加，遮蔽效應將遞減。而屋頂有女兒牆的存在，將使得光電板所受風荷載大幅減輕，光電板的風荷載受到女兒牆的遮蔽保護而無強烈風荷載，其效果可達女兒牆高的四倍距離。光電板陣列如採退縮方式架式，有助於風荷載減輕，因此建議避免在建物屋頂邊緣區域安裝太陽光電板。關於光電板風壓係數變化的影響機制，可由光電板風壓頻譜及緊鄰之建築物屋頂邊緣風壓頻譜的比對發現，兩者甚為相似，推測光電板風荷載主要受屋頂分離剪力渦流作用主導，其自身之渦流影響則較低。在設計風力方面，安裝於屋頂面上之太陽光電板在低端與地板接合的安裝狀況下，本研究利用氣動力實驗推估之設計風力係數與耐風設計規範中開放式單斜屋頂之建議值相比略低，因此如採用開放式單斜屋頂之設計風力係數亦屬保守的設計。

關鍵字

太陽光電板陣列 ； 風荷載 ； 風洞實驗

並列摘要

In this study, wind tunnel aerodynamic experiment was adopted to investigate the effect of different installation locations to the wind loadings on the photovoltaic array on the roof of a building with various direction angle of wind. The results shows, that the wind load is mainly affected by the installation location and arrangement of the photovoltaic array. In the rows of photovoltaic arrays, the first row close to the edge of the building is most strongly affected by the wind and the rear photovoltaic panels are blocked by the front row. Therefore, wind loadings were reduced a lot. The wind loading on the photovoltaic panel is protected by the shield effect of the parapet wall, and the array of photovoltaic panels retreat. The existence of parapet wall on roof may greatly reduce the wind loadings on the photovoltaic panel and this effect can be extended up to four times of parapet height. Also the retreat of location on roof from the edge for PV array can reduce the wind loading dramatic. According to the comparison of PV wind pressure spectrum and separation shear layer spectrum of roof edge, we found the aerodynamic characteristics of PV are determined by the nearby edge vortices not the PC itself. In the determination of design wind force, the installed solar photovoltaic panels installed on the roof surface are slightly lower than the code proposed value of the open monoclinic roof when the aerodynamic force is used to estimate the designed wind force coefficient under the installation condition of the low end and the floor. Therefore, the adoption of design wind coefficient from the open sloping roof is also conservative.

並列關鍵字

solar panel ； wind loadings ； wind tunnel test