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酒與上古中國的神祖祭祀-以《酒誥》文本為中心的經學詮釋與宗教學考察

On the Usage of Liquor in Sacrifice of Ancient China- According to Zhou Gong's Mandate about Liquor in The Book of Zhou

摘要


周公在《酒誥》中勸誡人們禁酒、止酒、斷酒,強調上天在教會了人類釀酒技法的同時,也告訴人類應該如何正確飲酒,即「祀茲酒」,只有祭祀天神、宗廟、祖先才可以飲酒。把酒當酒,嚴肅對待,明確擺正其用途。「德將無醉」則指借助德性修養而遏制無限喝酒的衝動,防止酒後滋生邪念與非為。「克羞饋祀」是「自介用逸」的前提。祭祀是條件,隨後的喝酒只是饋祀的附帶環節。周人祭祀用酒的品種和數量都有嚴格規定,「五齊」、「三酒」與「八尊」進入儒家的信仰與崇拜體系而成為宗教性存在。周初政嚴,鼓勵和提倡一種有前提、有限制、有德性的飲酒方式。

關鍵字

酒誥 祭祀 宗教 經學

並列摘要


As an acting king in early Zhou Dynasty about 3000 years ago, Zhou Gong's Mandate about Liquor in the Book of History emphasized liquor was essential goods in the worship ceremony. He asked the people for taking liquor seriously, and using it after giving their veneration to the Heaven, jongmyo shrine and ancestors. People must learn to use own virtues to control their drinking, to prevent any bad behaviors after drinking. In the worship ceremony of Zhou dynasty, the varieties and amounts of liquor were ruled strictly.

並列關鍵字

The Mandate about Liquor Liquor Worship Religion Classics

參考文獻


(美)秦家懿、孔漢思,《中國宗教與基督教》,北京:生活.讀書.新知三聯書店,1990。
(美)楊寬,《西周史》,上海:上海人民出版社,1999。
(美)楊慶堃(C. K. Yang),《中國社會中的宗教》(修訂本),范麗珠譯,成都:四川人民出版社,2016。
丁山,《中國古代宗教與神話考》,上海:上海書店,2011。
明.陸鍵,《尚書傳翼》,《四庫全書存目叢書》,經部五三,清華大學圖書館藏明刻本影印本,濟南:齊魯書社,1997。

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