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赫拉克利特「兒童統治」思想及其歷史迴響

Heraclitus' Thought of "The Kingly Power is a Child's" and Its Historical Echoes

摘要


赫拉克利特殘篇52的「兒童統治」思想對尼采和海德格爾等人有重要影響。尼采對殘篇52的偉大回應是:兒童是同一者永恆輪迴的軸心以及精神三變的永恆開端。海德格爾在《根據律》系列講座的最後,借用赫拉克利特殘篇52,請「兒童」出場現身,於是「偉大的兒童們」、「呈現王者風範的兒童」在海德格爾的哲學體系裡君臨天下!尼采、海德格爾的兒童主義不是橫空出世的,思想史以及時代精神為這兩位大哲學家的兒童主義的孕育、誕生準備好了溫床。赫拉克利特、尼采、海德格爾的哲學與中國的童心主義是相互呼應的。兒童主義哲學不只凸顯了兒童的地位,而且可以凸顯童年哲學(兒童哲學)的學科價值。

並列摘要


Heraclitus' thought of "the kingly power is a child's" in his Fragment 52 has an important influence on Nietzsche and Heidegger. Nietzsche's great response to Fragment 52 is that the child is the eternal beginning of the three transformations of the spirit and the axis of the eternal return of the same. At the end of the series of lectures on "Der Satz vom Grund" (Principle of Reason), Heidegger let "the child" to show up by quoting Heraclitus's Fragment 52, so that the world in Heidegger's philosophy was ruled by "the great child" and "the child with king's demeanor"! Nietzsche and Heidegger's childism was born on the basis of history. The history of thoughts and the spirit of the time (zeitgeist) prepared the hotbed for the gestation and birth of the childism of these two great philosophers. The philosophies of Heraclitus, Nietzsche and Heidegger echo each other with childism in China. Childism not only highlights the status of the child, but also highlights the disciplinary value of philosophy of childhood.

參考文獻


(印)蘭納德著,賀佳譯,《赫拉克利特》,收於徐梵澄,《玄理參同》,武漢:崇文書局,2017。
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(俄)莎樂美,《情遇尼采》,王書祥、楊祖群譯,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2002。
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(英)柏林,《浪漫主義的根源》,呂梁等譯,南京:譯林出版社,2008。

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