《春秋》中的「一統」舊說及其衍義

The Original Meaning of Yitong (一統) in the Spring and Autumn Annals and Its Derived Meanings

林義正(Yihjing LIN)

《哲學與文化》 49卷11期 (2022/11) Pp. 39-57

摘要

傳統中國史學素來有所謂「正統論」問題，而此種思想實與《春秋》中的「一統」有著內在關係。本文首先由「一統」字義的釐清入手，從經學角度探討了《春秋》「一統」之義及其所以然的問題，並對相關諸多歧解和混淆進行批判，尤其將之與「統一」概念區別開來；其次，基於傳統公羊家的解讀，嘗試推原「一統」微義，含有尊王、居正與貴元三種內涵；最後，檢討《春秋》「一統」義在當今可能具有的諸種意義。

關鍵字

春秋 ； 一統 ； 統一 ； 正統 ； 公羊傳

並列摘要

Traditional Chinese historical studies have always had to deal with the problem of orthodoxy. I find this problem with regard to the concept of yitong (一統) in the Spring and Autumn Annals. This article begins with a clarification of the concept of yitong from the perspective of classical studies in discussing its meaning and rationale. At the same time, I shall argue that present day readings of yitong in the Spring and Autumn Annals as tongyi or ＂unification＂ are a mistake. Based on the classical reading of the ＂Gongyang＂ school (公羊家), I explain the original meaning of yitong, in terms of its three connotations of ＂respecting the king＂ (尊王zunwang), ＂following the right path (居正jüzheng), and ＂honoring the original source＂ (貴元 guiyuan). Finally, we shall examine present day readings of yitong in the Spring and Autumn Annals.

並列關鍵字

Spring and Autumn ； Yitong ； Tongyi (Unification) ； Orthodoxy ； Gongyang Biography

參考文獻

徐彥，《春秋公羊傳注疏》，《四部備要》中華書局據阮刻本校刊。

呂大奎，《春秋五論》，《通志堂經解》。

蘇輿，《春秋繁露義證》，臺北：河洛圖書出版社，1974 臺景印一版。

熊十力，《讀經示要》，臺北：廣文書局，1967。

新校本《漢書》，臺北：史學出版社，1974 臺影印一版。