國法與人情－從《公羊》學論親親相隱的限度

Legal Justice and Family Affection: Examining the Limits of Concealment Between Relatives from the Thought of Gongyang School

黃銘(Ming HUANG)

《哲學與文化》 49卷11期 (2022/11) Pp. 95-110

摘要

親親相隱是儒家倫理中的重要命題，關乎國法與人情的糾葛。前人的研究大多集中於《四書》的範圍，或否定親親相隱，或主張「親親為大」，未能充分討論親親相隱的限度問題。本文通過分析《公羊》學內部不同的容隱觀，指出在理想狀態下，親親相隱不是抽象的概念，而是具體且有限度的，取決於當事人的政治身份（即是否擁有公權力）。不具有政治身份的民眾可以「親親為大」；具備政治身份的臣子僅能在國法的前提下實施有限的容隱，如要突破國法的限制，對親屬進行徹底的容隱，就必須放棄政治身份。國君的情況與臣子大體相同，差異之處是對其親屬「所犯在己」的罪行，「得申親親之恩」。

關鍵字

《公羊》學 ； 親親相隱 ； 大義滅親

並列摘要

Concealment of kinship is an important proposition in Confucian ethics, which reflects the contradiction between law and kinship. Previous studies on the concealment of kinship were either completely on the side of the law or on the side of family affection, without examining the limits of the concealment of kinship. By analyzing the thought of Gongyang School, this paper holds that in an ideal state, choosing family affection or law depends on whether you have political identity. If relatives violate the law, ordinary people can completely hide the crimes of relatives, while officials must punish their relatives according to the law, and only extremely limited sympathy can be allowed. If officials want to completely hide the crimes of their relatives, they must give up their political identity. The king should forgive his relatives for their rebellion against himself, other situations are the same as officials.

並列關鍵字

Gongyang School ； Mutual Concealment of Kinship ； Place Righteousness Above Family Loyalty

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