日軍在華北的軍政支配結構與民眾的因應－以食糧對策為中心（1937－1945）

Japan's Military-Political Domination of Occupied North China and the Local Chinese Response, 1937-1945

姜子浩(Chi-ho Kiang)

《國史館館刊》 72期 (2022/06) Pp. 99-140

摘要

抗戰爆發後，日軍在華北的勢力範圍由冀東、冀察一帶迅速擴張到華北沿海地區及各大城市，並由各陸軍特務機關在當地扶植、指導協力政權。在華北的日本陸軍特務機關是「北支那方面軍」指揮鏈的在地延伸，機關成員負有指導華北行政事務、為方面軍搜集情資的使命。具體而言，日本特務機關長利用日籍顧問及華北協力者，遙控協力政權及地方社會，建構凌駕於協力政權之上的一套管治網絡。為展現日本特務機關在華北的運作方式，本文先說明其內部的組織及分工，如該機關內部、外圍成員的負責業務、能力及其侷限。其次，以日軍的食糧對策為基軸，從不同角度切入分析占領華北的日軍特務機關在當地軍政支配結構的定位，由此審視日人介入華北地方事務的方式，以及當地協力者的因應。本文提出，日軍在華北的占領架構是一套以「方面軍」、「特務機關」為中心、往外輻射日人政經團體、中國協力政權，再及至地方社會、一般百姓的同心圓結構，而方面軍的特務機關，是此同心圓結構中的關鍵節點。

關鍵字

協力政權 ； 特務機關 ； 華北占領地 ； 食糧 ； 淪陷區 ； 中日戰爭

並列摘要

Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, Japan's North China Area Army significantly expanded the empire's sphere of influence from part of Hebei to the rest of North China. The task of establishing and controlling collaborative regimes in the area was shouldered by the Army Special Services. These special services were extensions of the army's chain of command as they managed local affairs and collected local intelligence for the military. Working with the Japanese advisors and local collaborators, the heads of these special services constructed a network of domination to manage remotely the society and the regime in the occupied territories. To fully reveal the operation of such a network of dominance, this essay investigates the external context and internal organization of the special services, exploring the responsibilities, strategies and limitations of their members. It then focuses on the issue of food insecurity as a window through which in viewing the role played by special services in Japan's military-political domination. This essay suggests that the Japanese army built a dominating structure of concentric circles in North China. The North China Area Army and its special services were at the center of this radiating net of control; the Japanese political-economic groups and the collaborative regimes served at the intermediate level, subordinating to the center. The local society and population were around the edge of outer circle with limited influence. The Army Special Services were thus critical nodes in this imposed structure of occupation during the Sino-Japanese War.

並列關鍵字

Collaborative Regime ； Special Service ； Occupied North China ； Food Policy ； Occupied Territories ； Sino-Japanese War

參考文獻

一、檔案《海軍一般史料》（東京，日本防衛省防衛研究所藏，アジア歴史資料センター）〈支那事変処理（昭和12.7～12.11）〉。

《陸軍一般史料》（東京，日本防衛省防衛研究所藏，アジア歴史資料センター）〈特務機関に関する総括的報告（昭和20.11）〉。

《陸軍省大日記》（東京，日本防衛省防衛研究所藏，アジア歴史資料センター）〈陸支受大日記（密）第8号2/2（昭和14年）〉。

〈陸支受大日記（密）第72号（昭和14年自12月1日至12月5日）〉。

山西省史志研究院編，《日本侵晉實錄》。太原：山西人民出版社，2005年。