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中國大陸《南方周末》2013年新年獻詞事件網路政治之研究

The Study of Internet Politics on Southern Weekly New Year's Greeting Incident in 2013

摘要


2013年《南方周末》新年獻詞事件在國際引起高度重視,本研究以内容分析法和深入訪談法分析此一網路政治事件發展經過,並以「輿情引導」爲主要觀察視角。《南周》於2012年底開始撰寫新年獻詞,獻詞從一開始具有「憲政夢」色彩的版本,幾經修改成僅具有「中國夢」色彩的版本。報社人員一開始聲稱自己迫於廣東省委宣傳部的壓力修改内容,然後改稱此次新聞處理流程需要檢討,並對此新年獻詞進行勘誤。此一事件在微博引起網民廣大的討論,《南周》的官方帳號也被收繳,此後《南周》官方帳號的發言者不再是《南周》「本尊」,加上官方要求黨媒轉載《環球時報》社論,爲《南周》事件定調,微博網民言論亦出現與《環球時報》社論相同的内容。政府也積極打擊聲援的勢力,包括約談異議人士與逮捕聲援。我們雖不能說這些反《南周》的言論全部都是政府輿情引導下的產物,但可以說這些是政府輿情引導下仍能留下的「成果」。《南周》事件的討論始於微博,而政府的輿情引導卻遍及傳統媒體與互聯網。這些過程體現了中國大陸「網路政治」的本質爲政者制定的網路規約和輿情引導幾乎宰制了《南周》事件的發展,而網民對政治的影響卻少之又少,顯見網路政治發展的傾斜,也體現了「威權資訊主義」中政府框架輿情和輿情引導的主導地位。

並列摘要


Southern Weekly New Year's greeting incident in 2013 drew high attention worldwide. This study analyzes the development and its cause of this internet politics event by approaches of content analysis and interview and observes mainly by "consensus guidance". Since the end of 2012, Southern Weekly had started writing New Year's greeting which at first was the version of "Dream of Constitutionalism" but became that of "Dream of China" after several revisions. From the start, the newspaper staff claimed to be forced to revise contents under the pressure from the Propaganda Department of Guangdong Province. But later they claimed it was just a review of publication flow and error correction of New Year's greeting. This incident triggered huge debates of netizens in micro blogs. Southern Weekly's official account was taken back and the speech was no longer presented by the press itself. In addition, the government asked party media to reprint Global Times' editorials to set a tone for this incident. Thereafter, the micro bloggers' opinions also showed the same contents as Global Times' editorials. Although we cannot say these opinions against Southern Weekly were all generated by the government's consensus guidance, it was the "results" left behind under the government's consensus guidance. The discussion of Southern Weekly incident started from micro blogs, but the government's consensus guidance was widespread throughout traditional media and internet. The processes showed the essence of China's internet politics in which politicians stated internet rules and guided consensus almost controlling the development of this incident. But how little was the impact of netizens on politics. It is obviously the incline of internet political development, and it also represents authoritarian informationalism that government's leading role frames and guides consensus.

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