散裝航運公司船舶能源效率改善成效影響因素之分析

AN ANALYSIS ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF BULK SHIPPING COMPANIES

韓子健(Tzeu-Chen Han) ； 賴家農(Chia-Nung Lai) ； 鄭信鴻(Hsin-Hung Cheng) ； 鍾政棋(Cheng-Chi Chung)

《運輸計劃季刊》 50卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 31-55

摘要

2020年全球海運燃料含硫量0.5%限制，影響國際燃油供需市場；燃料成本控管成為航運公司營運競爭優勢的關鍵因素之一。散裝船舶能源效率改善不僅與船舶特性節能技術密切相關，更考量散裝航運市場特性及其經營模式。本文以問卷調查及訪談方式，蒐集國內外普遍採行的節能技術，採用重要度績效分析及模糊品質機能展開法，檢視船舶能源效率改善資源配置與權管部門營運需求，建立服務品質需求構面，探求各項改善技術執行重要度。散裝船舶大小與能源消耗比例有關，主機燃油消耗量占比隨著船型噸位的增加而升高，大型散裝船加強「降低船舶之阻力、船舶推進之效率、航行時間之優化」高相關度指標維護，則可事半功倍。航運公司透過仲介公司管束與派遣外籍船員素質，在中國沿海經濟發展迅速，薪資待遇缺乏誘因，資深普通船員返鄉轉業下，「人員能力與素質」需求指標已成為散裝船舶能源效率改善的重要課題。

關鍵字

散裝船 ； 船舶能源效率 ； 重要度績效分析 ； 模糊品質機能展開法

並列摘要

The international bunker supply and demand markets have been greatly influenced by the 2020 global sulphur cap, making fuel cost control one of the key factors of competitive advantage for shipping companies. Since energy efficiency improvement of bulk carriers is not only closely related to ship characteristics and energy-saving technologies, this research considered both the characteristics and operation models of the bulk shipping market. It first collected energy-saving technologies by questionnaires and interviews; then examined the resource allocation of ship energy efficiency improvement and the operational demands of influential departments by the importance-performance analysis and the fuzzy quality function deployment. The service quality demand dimension was set up to explore the implementation importance of each improvement technology. It was found that there is a significant difference between the tonnage of bulk ships and the proportion of energy consumption. The higher the fuel consumption of the main engine the larger the tonnage of the ship. Therefore, if large bulk carriers strengthen the maintenance of high-relevance indicators, including ＂Reducing Ship Resistance,＂ ＂Improving Ship Propulsive Efficiency,＂ and ＂Voyage Optimization,＂ they can yield twice the result with half the effort. On the other hand, the shipping companies manage and dispatch the quality of foreign seafarers through labor broker agencies due to the rapid development of coastal economy in China. However, the lack of incentives for salaries made senior ordinary seafarers return to hometown or switch jobs. As a consequence, the demand indicator of ＂Personnel Competence and Quality＂ has become an important issue for improving the energy efficiency of bulk carriers.

並列關鍵字

Bulk carriers ； Ship energy efficiency ； Importance-performance analysis ； Fuzzy quality function deployment

參考文獻

World Trade Organization, World Trade Statistical Review 2018, Switzerland, 2018.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Shipbuilding Market Developments Q2 2018, France, 2018.

Clarksons, “Market Report Shipping and Offshore”, Clarksons Platou, London, 2018.

IMO, 2012 Guidelines on Survey and Certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), Resolution MEPC.214(63), International Maritime Organization, 2012.

IMO, 2016 Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Plan (SEEMP), MEPC 70/18/Add.1, International Maritime Organization, 2016.