莫拉克颱風災後住宅重建的進程與永久屋政策的評估

2009年莫拉克颱風對臺灣中南部造成嚴重衝擊。在災後，政府與慈善團體合作，提出以永久屋為主、組合屋為輔的住宅重建政策，提供免費永久住宅，鼓勵受災居民離開安全堪虞地區，並加速其重建進程。然而，免費永久屋政策是否加速重建進程？是否弭平脆弱性因子？不同援建團體的重建途徑差異是否影響後續住宅品質？這些問題攸關免費永久屋政策的評估，值得研究者探索。本研究運用國家災害防救科技中心四期六年的追蹤資料，透過追蹤資料迴歸模型來評估永久屋政策對住宅重建的影響。本研究發現，永久屋政策可加快初期的住宅重建；但在災後第六年，永久屋的品質已較初期劣化。和美國經驗不同，災損並未對研究樣本的住宅重建進程產生影響。此外，本研究也證實永久屋政策可減少災前社會差異在災後的擴大：如所得對永久屋申請者的重建進程，並無顯著影響。相較之下，未申請永久屋家戶的住宅重建進程受所得影響：所得越高，重建進展越快。至於不同援建團體所援建的住宅，居民對其品質的評價有所差異。

關鍵字

莫拉克颱風；永久屋；社會脆弱性；公私協力；災後住宅；住宅重建

並列摘要

Typhoon Morakot left enormous impacts on central and southern parts of Taiwan in 2009. After the emergency, governments collaborated with charity organizations to assist impacted households by providing free-permanent housing, enabling households can relocate to safer locations and speeding up recovery. However, the effectiveness of free-permanent housing policy is still under evaluation. This study applies the panel data collected by National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2015. Panel data regression models are applied to evaluate the free-permanent housing policy after Typhoon Morakot. Analytical results reveal that the free-permanent housing policy accelerated housing recovery progress in the short term. However, free-permanent housing had suffered quality degradation six years later. The damage level had no significant impact on the housing recovery trajectory. Analytical results also demonstrate that free-permanent housing policy eliminates pre-disaster inequality after the event. In contrast, income had a significant influence on housing recovery for households without free-permanent housing. Finally, free-permanent housing built by Red-Cross had higher housing quality than that built by Tzuchi or World Vision.

並列關鍵字

Morakot Typhoon ； Free permanent housing ； Social vulnerability ； Public-private partnership ； Post-disaster sheltering and housing ； Housing recovery

參考文獻

胡漱寵（2015），「以原住民部落社會的災後重建歷程探討莫拉克風災後的公私協力永久屋重建政策─以杉林大愛園區為例」，新北：淡江大學建築學系碩士論文。DOI：10.6846/TKU.2015.00867。

胡哲豪、台邦撒沙勒 (2019)，莫拉克災後原住民社區文化空間營造：以屏東三大永久屋基地為例，「政策與人力管理」，第 10 卷，第 1 期，第 109-138 頁。DOI：10.29944/PPM.201906_10(1).0004。

謝文中、鄭夙芬、鄭期緯（2011），這是「房子」，不是「家屋」：從解釋性互動論探討莫拉克風災後原住民的遷徙與衝擊，「臺大社會工作學刊」，第 24 期，第 135-166 頁。DOI：10.6171/ntuswr2011.24.04。

楊惠萱、李香潔、鄧傳忠（2018），莫拉克颱風永久屋政策下高雄市受災戶的資源獲取與復原，「都市與計劃」，第45卷，第4期，第257-281 頁。DOI：10.6128/CP.201812_45(4).0001。

Peacock, W. G., Shannon, V. Z., Yang, Z., and Highfield, W. E. (2014). Inequities in long-term housing recovery after disasters, Journal of the American Planning Association, 80(4): 356-371. DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2014.980440.

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莫拉克颱風災後住宅重建的進程與永久屋政策的評估

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