公司層級隱租稅與賦稅改革

THE EXTENT OF IMPLICIT TAX AT THE CORPORATE LEVEL AND TAX REFORM

郭振雄(Jenn-Shyong Kuo) ； 吳璨羽(Tsan-Yu Wu) ； 韓沂璉(Yilien Han) ； 陳彥儒(Yen-Ju Chen)

《經濟論文》 50卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 241-285

摘要

本文探討台灣2010年稅制改革對企業隱租稅（implicit tax）的影響。過去文獻多以企業繳納給政府的顯租稅（explicit tax）衡量企業租稅負擔，常忽略享有租稅優惠之企業降低稅前報酬率的隱租税。本文採台灣上市櫃公司1999－2017年度資料，同時採間接法與直接法分析。實證結果顯示，首先，税前報酬率與有效稅率呈正向關係，顯示租稅優惠產生隱租税；其次，2010年稅改後，整體企業的隱租税降低；第三，高科技產業的隱租稅在稅改後顯著降低，符合隱租稅理論預期；第四，稅改後傳統產業的隱租稅，直接法沒有顯著變化，符合預期；第五，直接法發現稅改前高科技產業的隱租稅顯著高於傳統產業，符合高科技產業享有較多租稅優惠；稅改後隱租稅差異縮小，達成2010稅改的政策目的。

關鍵字

隱租稅 ； 賦稅改革 ； 產業創新條例 ； 租稅優惠

並列摘要

This study explores whether Taiwan's Tax Reform Act of 2010 (TRA2010) affected implicit corporate taxes. The literature mostly uses explicit taxes paid to the government to measure tax burden, whereas the implicit tax, the reduced pre-tax rate of return for enterprises enjoying tax preferences, is often neglected. Applying both direct and indirect methods, this study uses data from TSEC- and OTC-listed companies from 1999 to 2017. Several results emerge: first, pre-tax rate of return is positively related to effective tax rates, indicating that tax preferences induce the implicit tax; second, the implicit tax decreased across industries, especially for high-tech industries, after TRA2010; third, under the direct method, the implicit tax of traditional industries does not show significant difference after TRA2010; and fourth, under the direct method, the implicit tax of high-tech industries is significantly higher than that of traditional industries. Taken together, the results demonstrate that high-tech corporations enjoyed more tax preferences before TRA2010, and that the differences in the implicit tax between the two industries narrowed after TRA2010. Hence, the purpose of TRA2010, to decrease variation in tax preferences across industries, was achieved.

並列關鍵字

Implicit tax ； Tax reform ； Statute for industrial innovation ； Tax preference

參考文獻

行政院主計總處(2021),《行業統計分類,第11次修正》,台北:行政院主計總處。[DG-BAS (2021), Industry Statistical Classification, I Ith Revision, Taipei: Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan).]

何怡澄,郭振雄,羅光達與陳國樑(2015),「研發投資抵減與資金使用者成本對企業研發投資之實證分析」,《財稅研究》,44(5),62-101。[Ho, Y.-C., J.S. Kuo, K.T. Lo and J. Chen (2015), "An Empirical Analysis of R&D Investment Tax Credit and Capital User Cost to Enterprise R&D Investment," Public Finance Review, 44(5), 62-101.]

周依潔(2008),《中國大陸上市公司隱含稅研究》國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。[Chow, I.-J. (2008), Research on Implicit Tax of Listed Companies in China, Master Thesis, Department of Accounting, National Chengchi University.]

洪榮華,郭怡萍與蕭雯華(2006),「兩稅合一對公司資本結構影響之研究－高科技產業與傳統產業之比較」,《輔仁管理評論>,13(2),29-56。[Hung, J.-H., Y.-P. Kuo, and W.- H. Hsiao (2006), "@@$$Tax Imputation Effect on Capital Structure: A Comparison between High-Tech and Traditional Industries," Fu Jen Management Review, 13(2), 29-56.]

孫克難(2016),「租稅優惠產業發展－台灣經驗評析」,《財税研究),45(3),1-29。[Sun, K.-N. (2016), "The Tax Benefit and Industry Development: The Taiwan Experience," Public Finance Review, 45(3), 1-29.]