魯凱族的道德經濟：社會組織、傳統農耕與災害應對

The Moral Economy of Rukai Society: Social Organization, Traditional Agriculture, and Natural Hazards Prevention

巴清雄(Qing-xiong Ba) ； 台邦．撒沙勒(Sasala Taiban) ； 王宏仁(Hong-zen Wang)

《人文及社會科學集刊》 33卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 451-490

摘要

本研究探討霧臺魯凱族的農業實作與社會組織文化如何相互鑲嵌，進而構成道德經濟的一環。研究資料主要來自第一作者從2015年迄今，對19位族人的正式訪問、部落的日常生活觀察，以及2015-2017年間的親自農事耕作與記錄。研究發現，霧臺魯凱社會道德經濟最重要的組織原則是「最小化風險」。在農耕實作上，透過混作栽培、輪耕、現地保存等方法來降低地力消耗、蟲害、天災的問題。在社會文化上，透過頭目貴族進行的資源重分配、族人之間的分享互惠，同時降低了部落最底層人的生存風險，以及自然災害發生的機率。

關鍵字

道德經濟 ； 魯凱族 ； 最小化風險 ； 再分配 ； 互惠

並列摘要

This paper explores how agricultural practices in Rukai society are embedded in its social cultural institutions, which constitute a part of Rukai's moral economy. The data were mainly collected by the first author and include formal interviews with 19 Rukai elders, field observations, and participation in farming from 2015 to 2017. The research findings indicate that the most important principle of Rukai's moral economy is ＂risk minimization.＂ Agricultural practices of mixed plantation, shifting cultivation, and not harvesting specific crops are used to minimize the risk of soil exhaustion, insect pests, and damage from other natural disaster. Socio-culturally, the principle of risk minimization is invoked in the redistribution of resources from talyalai (chiefs or nobles) to common people and reciprocity among the people, both of which minimize the subsistence risk of the poorest people and reduce the impact of natural hazards.

並列關鍵字

moral economy ； Rukai ； risk minimization ； redistribution ； reciprocity

參考文獻

巴清雄 2018 　〈霧台魯凱族傳統永續農耕制度〉，國立臺灣大學農藝學系博士論文。(Ba, Qing-xiong, 2018, “The Traditional Subsistence Farming System of Rukai Tribe at Wutai,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Agronomy, College of Bioresources and Agricultural, National Taiwan University.)

王俊豪、陳美芬 2015 　〈原住民部落因應氣候災害風險之行動研究〉，《台灣農學會報》16(3): 197-211。(Wang, Jiun-hao and Mei-fen Chen, 2015, “Risk Adaptation to Climate Disasters of Indigenous Tribe: An Action Research Approach,” Journal of the Agricultural Association of Taiwan 16(3): 197–211.)

台邦．撒沙勒 2012 　〈災難、遷村與社會脆弱性：古茶波安的例子〉，《臺灣人類學刊》10(1): 51-92。(Taiban, Sasala, 2012, “Disaster, Relocation and Vulnerability: The Case Study of Kucapungane,” Taiwan Journal of Anthropology 10(1): 51–92.)

台邦．撒沙勒 2014 　《重修屏東縣志．原住民族》。屏東：屏東縣政府。(Taiban, Sasala, 2014, The Gazet-teer of Pingtung: Indigenous Peoples. Pingtung: Pingtung County Government.)

台邦．撒沙勒 2016 　《Kucapungane：魯凱族好茶部落歷史研究》。臺北：國史館；新北市：原住民族委員會；南投：國史館臺灣文獻館。(Taiban, Sasala, 2016, The Tribe History of Kucapungane, Rukai. Taipei: Academia Historica; New Taipei City: Council of Indigenous Peoples; Nantou: Taiwan Historica.)