高普考分省區定額錄取與特種考試的省籍篩選效果

The Ethnic Bias in Recruitment Examinations for the Civil Service in Taiwan

駱明慶(Ming-Ching Luoh)

《經濟論文叢刊》 31卷1期 (2003/03) Pp. 87-106

https://doi.org/10.6277/ter.2003.311.4

摘要

本文檢視高普考與特考優惠外省人對他們集中於公部門的影響，並透過省籍間公務員薪資的比較，驗證考選制度在公務員篩選上的省籍差異。首先，高普考分省區定額錄取的制度，使得在1950-61年間參加高普考的外省籍考生有實質的優惠。其次，實際上更重要的另一個取得公務員資格的管道－特種考試，雖然沒有分省區定額錄取的設計，但是其中1958-81年間的退伍軍人轉任公務人員特考，其錄取人數之多與錄取率之高，使得透過這個管道取得公務員資格，出生世代與1950-61年間參加高普考者大約相當的外省人，實際上是享有省籍優待的。最後，使用1979-92年「家庭收支調查」資料的迴歸分析顯示。1925-36年出生世代中，外省籍公務員相較於本省籍公務員有較低的薪資，且差異的程度隨年齡逐漸加大，此與該世代外省籍公務員的錄取受到優待的觀察一致。另一方面，後來的1937-49及1950-60年出生的世代，外省籍與本省籍公務員的薪資並沒有顯著的差異，這也印證了高普考分區定額錄取和特種考試的省籍優惠在後期並不顯著存在。

關鍵字

高普考 ； 特考 ； 公務員 ； 省籍差異

並列摘要

This paper studies the effect of recruitment examinations for the civil service on, the concentration of Mainlanders in the public sector, and tests the ethnic selection bias by comparing the wages of Mainlander and Taiwanese government employees. First, in the Senior Examinations (Gao-Kao) and Junior Examinations (Pu-Kao) held between 1950 and 1961, selection was based on a provincial quota which made it easier for Mainlanders to pass the examinations and become government employees. Second, the Special Examinations for Veterans before 1982 had very high pass rates which increased overall ethnic biase toward Mainlanders. Finally, regression results using data from 1979-92 ”Household Income and Expenditure Survey” show that, for those born between 1925-36, Mainlander government employees have lower wages than Taiwanese government employees and the differences increase with age. This is consistent with the observation that the recruitment examinations are ethnically biased for the cohort. On the other hand, for the cohorts facing unbiased examinations, those born during 1947-49 and 1950-60, there is no wage difference between Mainlander and Taiwanese government employees.

並列關鍵字

Recruitment Examinations ； Government Employee ； Ethnic Groups

參考文獻

駱明慶 Luoh, Ming-Ching(2001)。教育成就的省籍與性別差異 Differences in Educational Attainment across Ethnic and Gender Groups in Taiwan。經濟論文 Academia Economic Papers。29(2)

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