都市水患風險脆弱性之初探　臺南市空間與非空間因素的分析

A Preliminary Study of Flood Risk Vulnerability in Urban Areas: Spatial and Nonspatial Factors in Tainan

許耿銘(Keng-ming Hsu)

《政治科學論叢》 74期 (2017/12) Pp. 149-191

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.74(149-192)

摘要

近年來，對於自然災害衝擊之脆弱性探討，逐漸重視針對社會層面所帶來的影響進行研究。具有不同社會脆弱程度的都市，在承受自然災害衝擊時，將導致不同社會後果；具有不同社會韌性能力的都市，在回應自然災害的對策行爲上，也會產生迥異於以往的模式。惟在水患頻傳的臺南市，究竟社會脆弱族群與淹水潛勢區間的實存狀況爲何？臺南市透過參與水患自主防災社區推動計畫，希冀提供面對水患的因應作爲，其實施的分佈區域是否與前述具有自然和社會脆弱的風險地區一致？本研究同時透過空間因素與非空間因素的整合思考，先以地理資訊系統，探析臺南市社會脆弱族群與淹水潛勢區間的重疊狀況，界定出臺南市水患的高風險區域；繼之，與臺南市目前實施水患自主防災社區的空間分佈情形進行對照，卻發現有非高風險區域參與自主防災社區計畫；再者，藉由地理資訊系統分析結果，透過深度訪談之研究步驟，深究參與水患自主防災社區的空間分布，存有社區內外部非空間因素之考量。

關鍵字

都市水患 ； 風險 ； 脆弱性 ； 自主防災社區 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Over the past few years, the social dimension has been increasingly emphasized when discussing the vulnerability of natural disasters. In fact, it's been found that cities with different social vulnerabilities will also have different consequences when faced with natural disasters. Additionally, cities with various levels of social resilience will produce different responses to natural disasters. This being the case, what is the current situation of the various groups that are socially vulnerable, and of the areas that face potential flooding in Tainan? We aim to find out if high risk communities in Tainan that are also part of community-based flood risk management programs have the same responses as the aforementioned areas. In this study, we first analyze the areas where vulnerable groups overlap with flood potential in Tainan. We use GIS and integrative thinking in order to define the high risk areas, and then we compare them using spatial distribution of the self-precaution communities. Finally, the spatial distribution of these self-precaution communities is explored further and the nonspatial factors are checked against the findings of the research and in-depth interviews.

並列關鍵字

Urban Flood ； Risk ； Vulnerability ； Flood Disaster Prevention Autonomous Community ； Geographic Information System (GIS)

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