This study has taken sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and Malic Acid as materials, synthetic CMC-MA anionic surfactant through a chemical reaction. These surfactants were prepared by condensation of the CMC and Malic Acid. The structure of these the CMC and Malic Acid derivative polymers will be confirmed by FT-IR. The basic properties test include such as the surface tension, foaming etc. the CMC and Malic Acid derivative surfactant to the cotton dyeing conditions includes such as the concentration of the CMC-MA, pre-treat time, pre-treat temperature and the concentration of dyes. The study show that these anionic surfactants could be used to improve the dye exhaustion and to reduce the cost and the pollution in cotton dyeing.