三維雷射掃描應用於崩塌土石量化之研究

A Study on the Topographic Changes Using Ground-based 3D Laser Data

蕭國鑫(Kuo-Hsin Hsiao) ； 劉進金(Jin-King Liu) ； 曾義星(Yi-Hsing Tseng) ； 王晉倫(Chin-Lun Wang)

《航測及遙測學刊》 15卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 97-109

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2010.15(1).7

摘要

本研究利用地面三維雷射掃描儀，針對2004年7月敏督利颱風前後，位於南投縣境內之濁水溪支流陳有蘭溪的支流，竹仔腳坑溪與三廍坑溪上游河道地區進行三維雷射掃描，除製作高解析的高程地形外，並量化颱風前、後之崩塌土石變化。過程爲先利用GPS量測基準點坐標，並結合地面覘標控制點的佈設與全測站經緯儀之外業測量，以獲取覘標點的坐標；其次爲施行三維雷射掃描後，藉由覘標控制點將多測站掃描資料連結，再利用覘標點的坐標進行坐標轉換，且模型化目標區的三維地形爲20公分網格資訊；最後疊合颱風前、後的掃描觀測資料，評估此兩條河道上游崩塌區的土石侵蝕與淤積變化。結果顯示竹仔腳坑溪上游河道於敏督利颱風過後，河道地形侵蝕深度最多達5~10公尺，而三廍坑溪上游土石流潛在地區則淤積了5~10公尺；顯現以地面三維雷射掃描資料監測局部重點地區的地形變化，具有應用潛力。

關鍵字

崩塌地 ； 數值高程模型 ； 三維雷射掃描儀

並列摘要

Ground-based 3D laser data are used in this study for the estimation of riverbed topographic change. A point-cloud of high precision and high density can be obtained in a few minutes for the sensitive riverbed areas. With a limited control survey of precise targets using GPS and total stations, multiple scans of ground-based LiDAR can be registered together to form one cohesive 3D model. And, thus, different periods of topographic data are overlaid for estimating the changes of the target areas. Two cases are practiced in this study. In the first case, the scoured riverbed on Zu-Zi-Jiao-Keng stream, a branch of Cho-Shui river in Nan-Tou County was scanned before and after typhoon Mindulle on 2 June 2004, with a total of 15 scans in 5 stations by using ILRIS-3D laser scanner. Subsequently, they were registered and joined and re-sampled to a 20 cm grid. The second case is located in San-Boo-Keng upstream. It is found that in the first case that maximum erosion height of riverbed changes was between 5~10 m. In the second case, the average height of silted-up is about 5~10 m. The effectiveness of applying 3D laser scanning is proved in this study.

並列關鍵字

Landslides ； Digital Elevation Model DEM ； Ground-based 3D Laser Scanner