排除或融入：做個就業好公民的障礙者就業論述分析

To Be a Hard-Working Citizen: An Institutional Ethnographic Study of the Employment Discourse for People with Disability

葉琇姍(Hsiu-Shan YEH)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 114期 (2019/12) Pp. 147-194

摘要

先進國家在福利改革的脈絡下，以促進就業來減少人們依賴福利。臺灣在1990年代中期後面對日益嚴重的失業問題，亦開始強調就業的重要性，促進障礙者就業更被描述為一種人權進步的政策，但長期由專業主導的努力，並未使障礙者就業的問題獲得明顯改善。促進障礙者就業一方面成為福利服務想因應的問題，另一方面又成為倡權者想解構的議題，本研究從這兩個矛盾中出發，探究臺灣的障礙者及家庭，是在何種情境下，將就業視為重要的生涯選項？根據障礙者家長及專業人員的訪談資料，本研究分析國家、特殊教育體系、專家學者、與專業人員如何採取行動，製造使障礙者必須就業的氛圍，排除其他服務論述，並促使障礙者的家庭相信與配合，讓障礙者扮演就業好公民的角色。未來，如要使障礙者有更多社會參與與融和，應挑戰促進障礙者就業的意義，並解構這些促成選擇的結構，此外應重新省思障礙者真正的需求，擺脫以有酬就業判斷障礙者價值的論述，才能誘發出更多元及適切的障礙者服務。

關鍵字

工作福利 ； 生命歷程 ； 身心障礙者 ； 職業重建 ； 庇護工場

並列摘要

To promote the employment of persons with disabilities (PWD) is an important social policy issue worldwide. The goal of welfare reform since 1980 in advanced countries has been to reduce welfare dependency by moving people from welfare to work. Without an urgent pressure to reform the welfare system, Taiwan has introduced supported employment services in the 1990s and has endeavored to promote the employment of PWD. However, the situation for PWD has not improved. On the one hand, the welfare services system tries to solve this problem; on the other hand, the rights advocates for PWD seek to deconstruct the problem. This study aims to explore why PWD families prioritized getting jobs instead of other services for the PWD career planning. Based on interviews with PWD families and professionals, the author analyzes how the government, special education system, experts and professionals create the atmosphere in which PWD families must not refuse to get jobs. Those actions also exclude the possibility for developing other service discourses and lead PWD families to believe that the PWD should act as good and hardworking citizens. The study suggests that we should challenge the real meaning of employment and deconstruct the structures for families making decisions. The PWD families will benefit from this change to participate and to be integrated into the society. The professionals should also change the discourse of judging PWD based on paid employment. All these actions can finally contribute to creating multiple and proper services for PWD.

並列關鍵字

workfare ； life course ； persons with disabilities ； vocational rehabilitation ； sheltered workshop

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