災害緊急路網重建模型之研究

A Study on Emergency Network Reconstruction Model for Large-scales Natural Disasters

王中允(Chung-Yung Wang)

《國防管理學報》 28卷1期 (2006/05) Pp. 83-99

https://doi.org/10.29496/JNDM.200605.0005

摘要

本研究旨在建立一套災後受破壞路網緊急重建的方法，供決策單位做為大規模災害時，路網重建與道路搶修時的決策依據，以利災民疏散及國軍或救援人員進入災區救援時運輸任務之遂行。本研究屬網絡設計問題之範疇，擬建立雙層規劃模型，上層問題在路網系統修復資源受限下，以求得路網系統總運輸成本最小化，下層考量災民對於緊急救援或疏散工作的期待，均希望能在最短的時間內受到救援或是最快離開災區的限制條件，由於本研究問題解集合空間屬非凸性，在求解上極為困難，在此將以敏感度分析方法配合廣義反矩陣及梯度投影法求解。由上述分析可知，本研究將對與以下四個主題進行探討：1.網絡設計問題；2.雙層規劃模型；3.救災緊急路網之路徑選擇問題；4.分不等式敏感度分析與廣義反矩陣方法。預期本研究之成果可做為國軍及政府救災單位建立災後緊急應變路網重建策略時的決策支援，並可做為相關問題之參考依據。

關鍵字

路網重建 ； 雙層規劃模型 ； 分不等式敏感度分析

並列摘要

This study focuses on network reconstruction planning after natural disaster that caused large-scale transportation network to be destroyed. The natural disasters such as typhoon or earthquake usually follow the large-scale transportation network destruction. How to repair the transportation network's basic capability in a timely manner after the occurrence of natural disaster is a very important issue. The efficiency of network recovery significantly affects the effectiveness of disaster victim emergency evacuation and rescue. In this research, the emergency network reconstruction problem for natural disasters is formulated as a bi-level programming network design model. The upper level model is a decision of minimized system cost under limited network reconstruction resources. The lower level model is one of the constraints with the upper level problem that considers users equilibrium route choice behaviors under a fixed trips' demand constraint. In solving the problem, the variational inequality sensitivity analysis method, generalized inverse of matrix approach, and gradient projection method are adopted to develop the solution algorithms for the bi-level model. The numerical test results indicated that the Stackelberg equilibrium solution of the emergency network reconstruction bi-level programming model do exist. More significantly, the optimal network reconstruct ion planning, disaster victim emergency evacuation and rescue route planning can be achieved.

並列關鍵字

network reconstruction ； bi-level programming ； variational inequality sensitivity analysis