Objectives: As the projections of Taiwan's future population have recently been proposed, this analysis is aimed to understand the possible health impacts of the change in population structure. Methods: Based on the current age-specific cancer and disability rates, age- sex- specific total medical expenditure, and the future population structure, the numbers of people with cancer and disability and the total medical expenditure for older people are projected. Results: Not surprisingly, as Taiwan's population is aging, a substantial increase in the absolute numbers and the relative proportions of cancer and disability for older people can be seen. As a result of these adverse outcomes, future medical expenses needed for older people will create a huge burden for society, Conclusions: Rather than trying to change the future population, health promotion and disability and disease prevention will be a more effective way of coping with these problems.