呂惠卿《道德真經傳》與《莊子義》中的思想三論

Three Theses on the Philosophy of Ruling in Lu Hui Qing's "Commentary of Dao Der Zhen Jing" and "Significance of Zhuang Zi"

林俊宏(Chun-Hung Lin)

《政治學報》 53期 (2012/06) Pp. 63-96

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2012.53.04

摘要

本文認為，藉由注經活動中的論述，發展出支持改革的正當性論理基礎，是呂惠卿政治思想的基調。作為熙寧變法重要的成員之一，呂惠卿透過注經的活動，將他所屬政治集團的政治理念，以注文的形式進行論述，在多方交融對話的形式中，將北宋新學關於「變」的政治理解明確地揭示。他透過注經，討論了「經」與「變」的關係，呈現在「道物」、「經變」與「治理」等三個面向，三者又有彼此的關聯性。這種「變不易常」或是「變不離經」的態度，其實是混雜著復古與變易的雙重學思風格，包括在方法與思維的層次上都是如此，這種仿古、擬古的復古思維，卻又處處展現向政治現實靠近的思考，表現出一種「依經為常」與「權宜為變」的思維。進而，這批以知識份子為核心的新興官僚，也借由這種「以經注我」的學術風格，呈現其政治主張、強化自身的影響力與政治權力，形成一種與皇權共享權力、且迥異隋唐帝國的國家形態。

關鍵字

有與無 ； 國家建構 ； 復性 ； 無為 ； 經與變

並列摘要

This article deals with the internal context of philosophy of two books- ”Commentary of Dao Der Zhen Jingand” and ”Significance of Zhuang Zi” written by Lu Hui Qing (呂惠卿). The purpose of the discourse in these commentaries is to gain the legitimacy of reform by initiating or producing a metaphysical system. As an important member of the XI-Ning reform (also as one member of Xinxue in North Sung Dynasty), Lu Hui Qing, through the activity of making commentaries of the Taoist texts, declared the core political philosophy of change of the political group to which he belongs. Through the commentaries, he discussed the dialectical relationship between ”classics” and ”change.” And he made further discussions into the three domains what dwelled in the complex relations seen in ”The Way and the mass,” ”Change versus Permanence” and ”the methodology of governance.”He emphasized that changes can be normal and have the legitimacy just under the qualification by following the great rule (Tao or permanence). There won't be any variations that should alter the ultimate. And this is valid not only in the sphere of daily living, but also valid in the sphere of governing. In turn, these intellectuals as the core of the emerging bureaucratic, through this ”scriptures postil the commentators” style, revealed their political ideas, strengthened their influence and shared power with the emperor. And all of these had formed a different type of state comparing with that of Sui-Tang Empire.

並列關鍵字

being and non-being ； non-action ； permanence versus changes ； revivification of nature ； state formation

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