論程朝儀《顏學辯》與晚清時期顏學的發展

晚清時期顏元思想重新獲得關注的現象，普遍的觀點認為，晚清學界尊顏的目的，為主張變法維新的改良派為重振儒家的經世實學的結果，而晚清學者的反顏，則被理解成為當時墨守成規、維護傳統的保守勢力所做的抵抗。亦有學者指出，晚清尊顏學者視顏學為清代今文經學的先導，因晚清反顏學者都以批評今文經學為己任。故而晚清的反顏之爭，似乎即著力於經今古文之爭的視角。但此一視角是否可彰顯晚清顏元思想重現的究竟，恐怕仍有商榷之處。以程朝儀的《顏學辯》為例，其所持反對立場至為鮮明，乃在極力迴護朱子理學以駁擊顏元的反朱，從而責詈戴望之尊顏；其目的仍在於尊朱，而非專排擊公羊。因此，本文即透過程朝儀的《顏學辯》詳加剖析，從中探尋程朝儀反顏的意圖，並進而論述與戴望關係網絡中永嘉學者尊顏的現象，以補充現有研究之不足。

關鍵字

戴望；程朝儀；顏元；氣質之性；復古

並列摘要

The majority of viewpoints believe that Yan Yuan's thought to regain attention during the late Qing dynasty is reformers advocated reform in order to revitalize the Confucian statecraft, and scholars against Yan is understood to be the maintenance of the traditional conservatives' resistance. Some scholars point out that respected Yan Xue is a pilot of the new text scholarship in Qing dynasty because anti-Yan scholars who have criticized the new text scholarship responsibility. Hence against Yan in late Qing dynasty seem to focus on the study of Confucian classics of this ancient struggle perspectives. But this perspective is to highlight the reasons of Yan Yuan's thought to reproduce in late Qing dynasty, and it should be afraid that there is still a question. By Cheng Zhaoyi of Yan Xue's argument, for example, its objection of Yan Yuan's position was very clear, and Cheng was trying to protect Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism to attack Yan Yuan in turn blamed Dai Wang why the consecration of Yan Yuan. Its aim was still to honor Zhu, not only beat the Gongyang. Therefore, this article through Cheng Zhaoyi's point of view to detailed analysis of the searching for Cheng Zhaoyi against Yan's intent, and address Yongjia scholars which had the relations with Dai Wang respected Yan Yuan's phenomenon and to supplement the inadequacy of existing research.