Pulmonary mucormycosis, a fatal fungal infection characterized by a rapid progressive clinical course, often occurs in immunocompromised patients. Due to its varied presentations, early diagnosis is very difficult, and histopathological examination is necessary to reach a diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a 68-year-old man with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and pneumonia with acute respiratory failure. Computed tomography of the chest showed a mass-like lesion with internal low attenuating necrosis at the left upper lung field. A bedside ultrasound-guided transthoracic biopsy was performed and revealed an active mucormycosis infection. With this case, we would like to emphasize the concept that diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis usually requires a biopsy of the affected site. Furthermore, for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit with peripheral subpleural lung lesions, ultrasound-guided transthoracic biopsy is a suitable diagnostic tool that is effective and safe if performed cautiously.
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