學生健康體適能與空氣懸浮微粒之空間關聯分析：以臺灣地區生態相關研究為例

Spatial correlation analysis of particulate matter air pollution exposure and health-related physical fitness among school-aged children and adolescents: An ecological study in Taiwan

吳明城(Min-Chen Wu) ； 何健章(Chien-Chang Ho) ； 甘乃文(Nai-Wen Kan) ； 謝鎮偉(Jenn-Woei Hsieh) ； 陳儷勻(Li-Yun Chen) ； 李柏甫(Po-Fu Lee)

《體育學報》 50卷S期 (2017/12) Pp. 19-31

https://doi.org/10.3966/10247297201712500S002

摘要

緒論：本研究目的係探緒論：本研究目的係探討臺灣地區室外空氣懸浮微粒PM_(2.5)及PM_(10)暴露與學生健康體適能表現之相關性探討。方法：本研究設計採用生態相關研究(ecological study)，蒐集2006至2010年臺灣地區70個行政院環境保護署建置的空氣品質監測站之室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM2.5及PM10的年平均濃度。學生健康體適能資料來自教育部體育署體適能網站所收集2007年臺灣地區169,206位國小四年級學生並追蹤5年至2011年，進一步計算心肺耐力(800/1600公尺跑走)、肌力與肌耐力(1分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐)、柔軟度(坐姿體前彎)、瞬發力(立定跳遠) 及身體組成(身體質量指數) 等學生各項健康體適能指標在各鄉鎮市區的平均值。利用皮爾森積差相關係數(Pearson correlation coefficients)分析室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM_(2.5)及PM_(10)濃度與學生各項健康體適能指標的關聯性。結果：本研究結果顯示室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM10濃度與男性學生800/1600公尺跑走秒數呈現顯著正相關(r = 0.268 ~ 0.403，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生1分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐次數呈現顯著負相關 (男性r = -0.299 ~ -0.319，p ＜ .05；女性r = -0.080 ~ -0.316，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生坐姿體前彎距離呈現顯著正相關(男性r = 0.251 ~ 0.312，p ＜ .05；女性r = 0.251 ~ 0.294，p ＜ .05)；與女性學生立定跳遠距離呈現顯著正相關 (女性r = -0.276，p ＜ .05)；與女性學生身體質量指數呈現顯著正相關(女性r = 0.253 ~ 0.346，p ＜ .05)。此外，室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM_(2.5)濃度與男性學生800/1600公尺跑走秒數呈現顯著正相關(r = 0.252 ~ 0.383，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生1分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐次數呈現顯著負相關(男性r = -0.244 ~ -0.337，p ＜ .05；女性r = -0.305 ~ -0.377，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生坐姿體前彎距離呈現顯著正相關(男性r= 0.244 ~ 0.260，p ＜ .05；女性r = 0.247，p ＜ .05)；與女性學生身體質量指數呈現顯著正相關(女性r = 0.250 ~ 0.320，p ＜ .05)。結論：本研究顯示臺灣地區室外空氣汙染物懸浮微粒濃度與學生健康體適能檢測成績具有相關性。討臺灣地區室外空氣懸浮微粒PM_(2.5)及PM_(10)暴露與學生健康體適能表現之相關性探討。方法：本研究設計採用生態相關研究(ecological study)，蒐集2006至2010年臺灣地區70個行政院環境保護署建置的空氣品質監測站之室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM2.5及PM10的年平均濃度。學生健康體適能資料來自教育部體育署體適能網站所收集2007年臺灣地區169,206位國小四年級學生並追蹤5年至2011年，進一步計算心肺耐力(800/1600公尺跑走)、肌力與肌耐力(1分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐)、柔軟度(坐姿體前彎)、瞬發力(立定跳遠) 及身體組成(身體質量指數) 等學生各項健康體適能指標在各鄉鎮市區的平均值。利用皮爾森積差相關係數(Pearson correlation coefficients)分析室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM_(2.5)及PM_(10)濃度與學生各項健康體適能指標的關聯性。結果：本研究結果顯示室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM10濃度與男性學生800/1600公尺跑走秒數呈現顯著正相關(r = 0.268 ~ 0.403，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生1分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐次數呈現顯著負相關 (男性r = -0.299 ~ -0.319，p ＜ .05；女性r = -0.080 ~ -0.316，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生坐姿體前彎距離呈現顯著正相關(男性r = 0.251 ~ 0.312，p ＜ .05；女性r = 0.251 ~ 0.294，p ＜ .05)；與女性學生立定跳遠距離呈現顯著正相關 (女性r = -0.276，p ＜ .05)；與女性學生身體質量指數呈現顯著正相關(女性r = 0.253 ~ 0.346，p ＜ .05)。此外，室外空氣中懸浮微粒PM_(2.5)濃度與男性學生800/1600公尺跑走秒數呈現顯著正相關(r = 0.252 ~ 0.383，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生1分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐次數呈現顯著負相關(男性r = -0.244 ~ -0.337，p ＜ .05；女性r = -0.305 ~ -0.377，p ＜ .05)；與男女性學生坐姿體前彎距離呈現顯著正相關(男性r= 0.244 ~ 0.260，p ＜ .05；女性r = 0.247，p ＜ .05)；與女性學生身體質量指數呈現顯著正相關(女性r = 0.250 ~ 0.320，p ＜ .05)。結論：本研究顯示臺灣地區室外空氣汙染物懸浮微粒濃度與學生健康體適能檢測成績具有相關性。

關鍵字

空氣汙染物 ； 懸浮微粒 ； 健康體適能 ； 學生 ； 生態相關研究

並列摘要

Introduction: The adverse health impacts associated with particulate matter air pollution exposure have been thoroughly studied. However, little is known about the effects of ambient particulate matter, specifically PM_(10) (particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter) and PM_(2.5) (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter), on health-related physical fitness performance. This study explored the association of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations with health-related physical fitness measurements in Taiwanese school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted an ecological study and calculated the annual average concentration of two outdoor particulate matter air pollutants (i.e., PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) by using data for the period 2006-2010 from the 70 air quality monitoring stations operated by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Health-related physical fitness measurements were obtained from a national survey conducted by the Taiwan Ministry of Education among elementary school students (n = 169,206) from the fourth through eighth grades during the period 2007-2011. The annual average values of health-related physical fitness measurements were calculated and assessed on the basis of five components: aerobic endurance (800-/1600-m run), muscular strength and endurance (bent-leg sit-ups), flexibility (sit-and-reach), explosive power (standing long jump), and body composition (body mass index [BMI]). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations with health-related physical fitness measurements. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficients for PM_(10) concentrations and 800-/1600-m runs were 0.268 to 0.403 (p ＜ .05) in male students. For the bent-leg sit-up data, the coefficients were -0.299 to -0.319 (p ＜ .05) in male students and -0.080 to -0.316 (p ＜ .05) in female students. For the sit-and-reach data, the coefficients were 0.251 to 0.312 (p ＜ .05) in male students and 0.251 to 0.294 (p ＜ .05) in female students. For the standing long jump data, the coefficient was -0.276 (p ＜ .05) in female students. For the BMI data, the coefficients were 0.253 to 0.346 (p ＜ .05) in female students. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficients for PM_(2.5) concentrations and the 800-/1600-m run were 0.252 to 0.383 (p ＜ .05) in male students. For the bent-leg sit-up data, the coefficients were -0.244 to -0.337 (p ＜ .05) in male students and -0.305 to -0.377 (p ＜ .05) in female students. For the sit-and-reach data, the coefficients were 0.244 to 0.260 (p ＜ .05) in male students and 0.247 (p ＜ .05) in female students. For the BMI data, the coefficients were 0.250 to 0.320 (p ＜ .05) in female students. Conclusion: The current study suggests that particulate matter air pollutants adversely affected the health-related physical fitness measurements of Taiwanese school-aged children and adolescents, and that exercising in a polluted environment might not have beneficial effects on the health-related physical fitness performance of Taiwanese school-aged children and adolescents.

並列關鍵字

air pollutant ； particulate matter ； health-related physical fitness ； students ； ecological study

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