人體墬落實驗平台與電腦模擬技術開發

Development of Platform for Assessing Human Fall and Computer Simulation Technology

陳志勇(Chih-Yong Chen) ； 陳協慶(Hsieh-Ching Chen) ； 陳文斌(Weng-Pin Chen) ； 劉立文(Li-Wen Liu) ； 傅柏翔(Po-Shiang Fu) ； 郭政豐(Cheng-Feng Kuo)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 21卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 442-450

摘要

我國重大職業災害資料顯示，墜落為所有職災類型中所佔之比例為最高者，其因墜落死亡個案中，則又以營造業為最多。因此深入探討墜落之發生原因、可能造成之傷害、安全帶等防護具對人體肌肉骨骼系統之可能影響，並建構出一套完整的測試平台及分析系統，於職災預防上有其重大意義。本研究旨在設計與開發「墜落實驗平台」，以Hybrid III人偶模型模擬多種人體墜落狀況，同時搭配高速攝影機與荷重元，擷取人偶模型墜落姿態之時間－位置－力量關係等物理參數，以利探討不同墜落方式對人體姿勢及受力情況之影響。本研究同時使用動態有限元素分析軟體進行人偶墜落狀況之電腦模擬，並透過實際墜落測試所得數據與模擬結果進行比對與驗證，再藉由驗證後之電腦模型模擬探討多樣墜落情境，以取得在實務上難以獲得之資訊。結果顯示，本研究所開發之「墜落實驗平台」確實可透過Hybrid III人偶模型模擬人體墜落狀況，並獲得相關物理參數。而有限元素分析軟體之電腦模擬，亦經驗證可取得具有高信靠度之模擬結果，未來可望藉由此實驗平台及電腦模擬之相互搭配，更為提升人體墜落相關研究能量。

關鍵字

墜落 ； 有限元素分析 ； 人偶模型

並列摘要

The analysis of severe occupational accidents in Taiwan reveals that the construction industry has the highest ratio of occupational fall-form-height death accidents, which a leading cause of all occupational disasters. It is essential to understand the factors and damages of occupational fall-form-height cases as well as the effects on muscle skeletal system of personal protective equipment, constructing a complete falling experiment platform and a simulation system are beneficial to the occupational accidents prevention.The aim of this study is developing an experimental platform which is capable to simulate the various conditions of accidental falling cases. The Hybrid III dummy integrated with high-speed cameras, loading cells and accelerometers on the platform is utilized to obtain the physical respones of falling cases including relation among time-position-force. In addition, This study applied the dynamic finite element analysis for estiblishing the falling models. The models were then validated and improved with the physical responses of dummy falling from platform.The results indicate the both experiment platform and computer models can fully fulfill the needs for simulating various conditions of occupational falling accidents and its effects.. They also showed the potential for yielding the creditable simulating information of rare occupational falling accidents.

並列關鍵字

Fall-form-height ； Finite element analysis ； Dummy

參考文獻

Ho, HC,Liou, YW,Tsai, IC.(2009).Physiological Responses to Harness Suspension.Journal of Occupational Safety and Health.17,221-38.

(Guha S, Bhalsod D, Krebs J. LSTC Hybrid III DummiesPositioning and Post-Processing 2008.).

Gavelin, A,Lindquist, M,Oldenburg, M.(2007).Modelling and simulation of seat-integrated safety belts including studies of pelvis and torso responses in frontal crashes.International Journal of Crashworthiness.12,367-79.

行政院勞工委員會(2008)。行政院勞工委員會勞動檢查年報97年。

行政院勞工委員會(2009)。行政院勞工委員會勞動檢查年報98年。