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2008年總統大選電視廣告之功能分析

A Functional Analysis of Television Ads in 2008 Taiwanese Presidential Election

摘要


無論基於候選人的經費支出或是選民的媒介使用,電視廣告均爲當代選舉中最重要的候選人訊息。不過考量電視廣告可能對民主社會產生的負面影響,各國對於是否限制電視廣告也出現不同的立法例。爲了提供相關討論的依據,本研究對2008年台灣總統大選電視廣告進行內容分析,並整合國內外相關研究成果進行比較。本研究的主要發現包括三方面。第一,台灣2008年大選電視廣告的功能大致呈現三分之二自誇(正面訊息)、三分之一攻擊(負面訊息)與極少數防禦(明確回應)的比例。對比美國2008年大選電視廣告,台灣的電視廣告明顯較爲正面。就個別候選人而言,民調領先者馬英九的的自誇訊息明顯多於落後者謝長廷。第二,台灣2008年大選電視廣告的論題大致呈現四分政策、六分人格的比例。此種「政策少、人格多」的模式相似於文獻中台灣2000年大選廣告的發現(三分政策、七分人格),而與美國2008年大選電視廣告六分政策、四分人格的比例恰好相反。第三,對比同爲電視訊息的電視辯論,2008年大選電視廣告較爲正面、較偏重人格而不重政策;相對地,電視辯論比電視廣告重政策,並且含有較高比例的防禦訊息。

並列摘要


Based on the expenditure of candidates and the media use of voters, TV ads are the most important candidate message in the contemporary elections. Considering possible negative impacts of television ads on democratic society, major democratic countries take different positions on the issue of restricting campaign ads. To provide data for related discussion, this study content-analyzed the 2008 Taiwanese presidential ads. The primary findings can be summarized in three aspects. First, the functions of the TV ads in 2008 Taiwanese election included 66% of acclaims, 32% of attacks, and 2% of defenses. Compared with the U.S. counterparts in 2008, Taiwanese ads were more positive. Regarding the individual candidates, the leading candidate Ma had more acclaims than the trailing candidate Hsieh. Second, the topics of 2008 Taiwanese presidential ads contained approximately 40% of policy messages, and 60% of character messages. This pattern is similar to the ads used in the 2000 Taiwanese election, while contrary to the U.S. counterparts. Third, compared to the 2008 Taiwanese presidential debates, TV ads stressed character more than televised debates. In addition, televised debates contained more defenses than TV ads.

參考文獻


溫偉群、游梓翔(2008)。2008年台灣總統大選電視辯論的功能分析研究。選舉評論。5,15-32。
莊伯仲(2006)。負面競選廣告:1996-2004年台灣與美國總統大選之分析。東吳政治學報。24,213-243。
Ansolabehere, Stephen,Shanto Iyengar.(1995).Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate.New York:Free.
Barnouw, Erik.(1968).The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 1933-1953.New York:Oxford University Press.
Benoit, William L.(1999).Seeing Spots: A Functional Analysis of Presidential Television Advertisements, 1952-1996.Westport, CT:Praeger.

被引用紀錄


林海嫣(2011)。二○一○年新北市長競選傳播策略分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315241738

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