人工林成長對蝴蝶群聚組成結構的影響

The Influence of Plantation Growth on the Butterfly Community Structure

黃文伯(Wenbe Hwang) ； 楊懿如(Yi-Ju Yang) ； 葛兆年(Chao-Nien Koh)

《台灣林業科學》 35卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 217-238

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.202009_35(3).0003

摘要

人工林造林後，基於生產力的提升與演替過程中多樣性的增加，植食者的群聚結構也隨之變化。本研究即在花蓮大農大富平地森林園區，於2009、2012和2019年每季調查蝴蝶的群聚結構，以了解人工林演替與各類別植物豐度對蝴蝶豐度（species richness）、豐量（abundance）與多樣性（diversity）的影響。在44個樣區3個年度的調查下，共計觀察到蝴蝶5科101種2364隻次，其中以蛺蝶科（Nymphalidae）、灰蝶科（Lycaenidae）和粉蝶科（Pieridae）的數量最多，季節性優勢物種主要為白雅波灰蝶（Jamides celeno celeno）、豆環蛺蝶（Neptis hylas luculenta）、小波眼蝶（Ypthima baldus zodina）與白粉蝶（Pieris rapae crucivora）。從2002年造林開始，7年、10年與17年後蝴蝶的豐度與豐量仍持續增加，但多樣性隨季節起伏差異不大。蝴蝶的豐量受造林樹種豐度影響，但豐度則較不受影響，蝴蝶的豐度與豐量皆受林下地被植物豐度所影響，地被植物的豐度又與造林樹種豐度有顯著的正相關，此結果顯示造林樹種豐度對蝴蝶群聚的影響力可能小於地被植物豐度。將單一樹種造林與多樹種混合造林相比，後者除了使伴生的植物物種增加外，也增加了蝴蝶的物種。

關鍵字

人工林 ； 蝴蝶 ； 優勢物種 ； 群聚結構 ； 演替

並列摘要

Based on an increase in productivity and an increase in diversity in the successional process after reforestation, it was proven that the community structure of herbivores would also change. This research represents an investigation of the community structure of butterflies in the Danongdafu Flatplain Forest Park in Hualien County in 2009, 2012, and 2019 to understand the influence of plantation succession and plant species richness on butterfly species richness, abundance, and diversity. In the 3-yr survey of 44 plots, 2364 total individuals of 101 species in 5 butterfly families were observed, among which the Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Pieridae were more abundant. The seasonally dominant species were Jamides celeno celeno, Neptis hylas luculenta, Ypthima baldus zodina, and Pieris rapae crucivora. Since this area was reforested in 2002, the species richness and abundance of butterflies have continued to increase after 7, 10, and 17 years, but the diversity showed only slight seasonal fluctuations. Butterfly abundances were affected by the species richness of plantation tree species, but the butterfly species richness was less affected. Butterfly species richness and abundance were both affected by the species richness of ground cover plants of the forest. A significant positive relationship was also found between the species richness of ground cover plants and that of plantation tree species. These results showed that the species richness of plantation tree species may have less influence on the butterfly species richness than the species richness of ground cover plants. Comparing a monoculture plantation with a multi-species mixed tree plantation, the latter increased the associated plant species richness, and also increased the butterfly species richness.

並列關鍵字

plantation ； butterfly ； dominant species ； community structure ； succession