團隊互動、資源疆界與隨創作為：密室逃脫所展現的團隊創造力

Team Interaction, Resource Boundary, and Bricolage Behavior: Team Creativity in Escape Room Game

陳蕙芬(Hui-Fen Chen) ； 梁煥煒(Huan-Wei Liang)

《人力資源管理學報》 21卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 83-113

https://doi.org/10.6147/JHRM.202106_21(1).0004

摘要

本研究探討團隊快速運作且資源有限，如何以隨創發揮團隊創造力。採用質性研究法，以密室逃脫遊戲為場域，蒐集200場遊戲觀察與20場人員訪談，用紮根途徑分析資料，研究發現：（1）資訊活絡與任務協作等團隊互動促進隨創作為。（2）資訊活絡打通資源認知疆界，驅動就地智取、觀異巧取與拼湊漸取等隨創途徑。（3）任務協作擴大資源使用疆界，產出分工各用、銜接聯用與靈活轉用等隨創途徑。（4）資訊忽略、資訊壟斷，及任務失調為主的團隊互動抑制隨創作為。特定的團隊互動打通成員的資源認知與使用疆界，促進隨創作為，激發團隊創造力表現；資源疆界是互動激發團隊隨創的關鍵。意味消融團隊互動「分界」，才能打開「眼界」，超越資源使用的「臨界」，產生創新作為。

關鍵字

團隊創造力 ； 團隊隨創 ； 互動類型 ； 資源疆界 ； 急迫任務

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore how a team exerts creativity by bricolage under rapid operation and limited resources. We employed the qualitative research method to investigate the team behaviors in an escape room game context. We collected 200 teams' observations and 20 personal interviews and analyzed successful and failure teams' actions with the grounded approach. The main findings are summarized as follows: (1) We identified the interaction patterns which enable the bricolage behaviors in teams; the interaction patterns can be summarized as the core of information activation and task collaboration. (2) We found that information activation could break down the team members' cognitive resource boundaries and then drive the bricolage behaviors like acquiring wisely, observing carefully, and gradually gathering the resources to extend the resource at hand approaches. (3) Task collaboration could expand the resource use boundaries among the team members and then drive the bricolage behaviors like using by job division, using by connecting, and using by transforming as the extension of the make-do approaches. (4) We identified the interaction patterns which constrain the bricolage behaviors in teams; the interaction patterns can be summarized as the core of information ignoring, information monopoly, and task disorder. Therefore, we argued that a team's specific interaction patterns could change the boundaries of cognition and the use of resources. We suggested a new concept of ＂resource boundary,＂ which plays a vital role between interaction patterns and team bricolage behavior. The findings implied that melting the boundaries through the interactions among the members could open the eyes to find out gold in the soil. Therefore, the teams could act by transcending the limits of resources and collaborate to create innovative behaviors.

並列關鍵字

team creativity ； team bricolage ； interaction pattern ； resource boundary ； urgent task

參考文獻

Amabile, T. M. (1983b). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 357-376. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357

Amabile, T. M. (1997). Motivating creativity in organizations: On doing what you love and loving what you do. California Management Review, 40(1), 39-58. doi:10.2307/41165921

Amabile, T. M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the work environment for creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1154-1184. doi:10.5465/256995

Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157-183. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001

An, W., Zhang, J., You, C., & Guo, Z. (2018). Entrepreneur’s creativity and firm-level innovation performance: Bricolage as a mediator. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30, 838-851. doi:10.1080/09537325.2017.1383979