台灣經濟自由化的政治邏輯：黨國資本主義的轉型與新政商聯盟1980-2000

The Political Logic of Economic Liberalization in Taiwan: The Transformation of Party-state Capitalism and the Reconstruction of State-business Relations

張鐵志(Tieh-Chih Chang)

《台灣政治學刊》 12卷1期 (2008/06) Pp. 101-145

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.200806.12(1).101-145

摘要

台灣從八零年代中開始進行一場政治民主化與經濟自由化的大轉型，但是這兩者的連結，尤其是經濟自由化的政治後果，尚未被有系統的檢視。本文的主要論證是，經濟自由化並不是一個中立的過程，而是高度充滿政治性的。在台灣的威權時代，國民黨透過黨國資本主義掌握了高度經濟資源，做為威權統治之物質基礎。當執政黨在九零年代開始推動經濟自由化時，其政治邏輯基本上是一種政商聯盟再建構的策略性思考，其具有兩個特色：一方面是具有政治實力的新舊財團成為經濟自由化的主要受益者，這些主要受益者會以政治支持來交換經濟利益，因而形成一種新政商聯盟；另一方面，與其他轉型國家不同的是，執政黨的黨營事業在經濟自由化中成為更大的贏家，威權時期的黨國資本主義因而在這個過程中轉型重生，並讓執政黨仍然能在新政商聯盟佔有上風。

關鍵字

經濟自由化 ； 民營化 ； 黨國資本主義 ； 黨營事業 ； 政商關係

並列摘要

Taiwan has since the 1980s gone through a dramatic dual transformation, i.e., political democratization and economic liberalization. However, while the economic liberalization, such as market opening and privatization, has transformed Taiwan's political economy in the 1990s, the political implications have seldom been noticed. I argue that the political logic of Taiwan's economic liberalization in the 1990s is that, as in some other countries, many new opportunities and profits were distributed to politically powerful allies, thus helping the ruling party rebuild its coalition with capitalists. However, what made Taiwan's case different from those of other countries is that the ruling party was the biggest winner as a result of the economic liberalization. It not only expanded its enormous party business by taking over the newly-liberalized resources, but was also able to further co-opt and patronize key business groups by using its unique political and market power.

並列關鍵字

economic liberalization ； party business ； party-state capitalism ； privatization

參考文獻

李宗榮(2007)。在國家權力與家族主義之間：企業控制與台灣大型企業間網絡再探。台灣社會學。13，173-242。

瞿宛文(2004)。後威權下再論『民營化』。台灣社會研究季刊。53，29-57。

瞿宛文、洪嘉瑜(2002)。自由化與企業集團化的趨勢。台灣社會研究季刊。47，33-83。

Bates, Robert H.(1981).Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.

Bates, Robert,Anne Krueger(1993).Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform: Evidence from Eight Countries.Blackwell, NY:Cambridge University Press.