影響民衆對政府管制假新聞態度因素之研究

A Study on the Factors Affecting People's Attitudes towards the Government's Regulation of Fake News

劉嘉薇(Jia-Wei Liu)

《台灣政治學刊》 25卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-67

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.202112_25(2).0001

摘要

自2016年美國總統大選，假新聞蔚為話題，打擊假新聞的迫切性成了共識。在假新聞盛行的年代，我國民眾認為假新聞該不該管制呢？本研究發現，高達八成五的民眾同意政府管制假新聞。其中明顯會影響民眾認為假新聞需不需要管制的是「第三人效果」，亦即認為假新聞的流傳會影響「其他」民眾對公共事務的判斷，所以需要政府管制假新聞，但認為假新聞的流傳會影響「自己」對公共事務判斷的民眾，反而不會支持政府管制假新聞，這是典型的第三人效果。然而，政府是不是應該管制假新聞呢？從本研究發現，政黨認同是影響民眾此一態度的重要因素，可見政府是否管制假新聞此一議題仍有政治色彩，非純粹第三人效果的影響，且已經有七成六的民眾認為「政府為了規避責任，會將對政府不利的消息，說成是假消息」。建議政府審慎應對，即使立法管制假新聞，也應考慮管制程度，不宜違反言論自由。

關鍵字

假新聞 ； 假訊息 ； 言論自由 ； 政府管制 ； 第三人效果

並列摘要

Since the 2016 US presidential election, fake news has become a topic, and a consensus on the urgency of cracking down on such news has now been reached. In this age of fake news, do people consider that fake news should be regulated? This study found that 85% of people agreed with the government's regulation of fake news. Among them, the Third-person effect obviously affected the public's belief that fake news needs to be regulated, by which was meant that the spread of fake news would affect the judgment of ＂other＂ citizens on public affairs. For this reason, people hoped that the government would regulate the fake news, but considered that the spread of fake news would affect ＂self＂ judgments on public affairs and would not support the regulation of fake news. This was a typical Third-person effect. However, should the government regulate fake news? From this study, it was found that party identification is an important factor that affects people's perceptions in terms of the regulation of fake news. Therefore, the government's regulation of fake news is still political and not a purely third-person effect. The results showed that 76% of people believed that ＂In order to avoid liability, the government will treat the news that is bad for the government as false news.＂ It is thus recommended that the government respond cautiously, and if the government does regulate fake news, the degree of regulation should also be considered. It is not appropriate to violate freedom of speech.

並列關鍵字

Fake News ； Disinformation ； Freedom of Speech ； Regulation ； Third-Person Effect

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