楊伯峻《春秋左傳注》考訂五則－以《左傳》文公至宣公時期為範圍

本文討論《春秋左傳注》釋《左傳》文公至宣公時期待商榷字詞五則：（一）「皐陶、庭堅不祀忽諸」：「忽」有「盡」義，「諸」於《左傳》有「之乎」合音用法，置句末時具感嘆義，「忽諸」可解為「盡之乎」。「皐陶、庭堅不祀忽諸」可譯為「皐陶、庭堅不享祭祀，於此時盡之乎。」（二）「繞朝贈之以策」：《左傳》之「簡策」又分策命諸侯、卿大夫之「策書」，與「國史正策」、「竹簡」三義，皆不合「繞朝贈之以策」背景與語境，此「策」為「馬檛」為確。（三）「權不足也」：《左傳》「權」有「權勢」、「謀略」二義，公子歸生此時已是執政卿，本有權勢討伐公子宋，唯因謀略不足而陷弒君之罪，「權不足也」之「權」當釋謀略為宜。（四）「平板榦」：先秦典籍見「平」、「均」互釋之文，《左傳會箋》解「平」為平均義，「平板榦」謂平均分配板榦於工程所需之各處，扣合「量功命日」之「量功」。（五）「夭且不整」：《左傳會箋》認為「夭且不整」之「夭」與《周易．臨》下卦之兌而發，兌象少女、毀折，故《左傳》以釋年少者「短折」之「夭」。又《左傳》之「不整」皆與戰爭、師旅關聯，故「夭且不整」之「不整」亦言晉師短少先縠部隊。

關鍵字

《左傳》；楊伯峻；《春秋左傳注》；考訂

並列摘要

This article discusses five phrases on Yáng Bó-jùn's ＂Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhu＂ which based on the period of Lǔ Wén Gōng to Lǔ Xuān Gōng in Zuo Zhuan. 1. The word ＂hū＂ has the meaning of end in the sentence of ＂Gāo Táo and Tíng Jiān bù sì hū zhū＂, and the word ＂zhū＂ is synonymous with the pronunciation arising from combination of ＂zhī＂ and ＂hū＂ sounds in Zuo Zhuan. It is an exclamation usage when the word ＂zhū＂ is at the end of a sentence. The phrase ＂hū zhū＂ means that something comes to a termination. Therefore, the sentence ＂Gāo Táo and Tíng Jiān bù sì hū zhū＂ could be interpreted as no more offer sacrifices to Gāo Táo and Tíng Jiān thus the ceremony of offering sacrifices also came to a termination then. 2. There are three kinds of ＂jiǎn cè＂ in Zhuan. They are ＂guó shǐ zhèng cè＂, ＂zhú jiǎn＂ and ＂cè shū＂ (which were the order to the appointment and removal of vassals and high rank officials). However, none of them was appropriate to the context and dialogue for the sentence ＂Rào cháo zèng zhī yǐ cè＂. For this reason, the word ＂cè＂ should be ＂mǎ zhuā＂ (horsewhip) in the sentence ＂Rào cháo zèng zhī yǐ cè＂. 3. There are two meanings of the word ＂quán＂ in the phrase ＂quán bù zú yě＂ in Zuo Zhuan. They are ＂power & influence＂ and ＂strategy＂. At that time, Gōng-zǐ Guī-shēng was the marshal of Zhèng State and he did have the power & influence to fight Gōng-zǐ Sòng, but his strategy was not good enough so that he was accused for regicide. Therefore, the word ＂quán＂ in the phrase ＂quán bù zú yě＂ should be interpreted as strategy which is much better. 4. The words ＂píng＂ and ＂jūn＂ were synonymous in the pre-Qin classics. The word ＂píng＂ means to average in Zuo Zhuan Huì Jiān, so the phrase ＂píng bǎn gàn＂ means to average ＂bǎn gàn＂ to all places needed by the project for the structure. Moreover, the number of ＂bǎn gàn＂ and the estimation must be matched. That is the meaning of the phrase ＂liàng gong＂ in the sentence ＂Liàng gong mìng rì＂. 5. In Zuo Zhuan Huì Jiān, the word ＂yāo＂ in the sentence ＂Yāo qiě bù zhěng＂ has the similar meaning to the ＂Lín guà＂ in Zhou Yì. The bottom ＂gua＂ of ＂Lín guà＂ is ＂duì＂. It is the symbol of virgins, to damage and to break. In Zhuan, the word ＂yāo＂ means teenagers die at early age. Moreover, the phrase ＂bù zhěng＂ is related to battles and troops. Thus, the phrase ＂bù zhěng＂ in the sentence ＂Yāo qiě bù zhěng＂ also means Xiān hú's unit was not in the troops of Jin State.