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當代宗教中佛學詮釋學初探-由西方哲學詮釋學論起

A Study of Hermeneutics of Buddhism in Contemporary Religion: Starting from the Hermeneutics of Western Philosophy

摘要


「詮釋」作為一種言說、理解、表達的方式,是人存在的一個基本現象,然而,也由於它不牽涉到真理問題(只是了解意思,不牽涉真偽),在古代哲學當中,一直被視為只是一門輔助的學問;然而,詮釋學由解釋經典、修辭、考據…逐步發展成當代哲學的主流之一,原則上來說,它經歷了一個轉變的歷史;一般來說,我們可以將詮釋學區分為「古典詮釋學」(關於「詮釋與理解技巧與方法」的研究)與「哲學詮釋學」(關於「理解的存有論與方法論」);前者以施萊馬赫(Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher,1768~1834)與狄爾泰(Wilhelm Dilthey ,1833~1911)為代表;後者以海德格(Martin Heidegger,1889~1976)與高達美(Hans-Georg Gadamer 1900~2002)最為著稱;大體而言,古典詮釋學集中於探討「理解什麼」(如何理解文本、作者意圖...);哲學詮釋學則集中於探討什麼叫「理解」?也就是說,當我們說我們「理解」的時候,它的意思是什麼?什麼叫做「理解」?對於以博大精深、艱深義理而又引人入勝的佛學而言,闡釋者如何傳達釋迦牟尼佛相關的理念與信眾,或許會困擾著當代的闡釋者,如往昔的以「依文解義」到晚近普遍傾向於「依義解文」的理解,因之,筆者嘗試以高達美的哲學詮釋學,思考佛學中的詮釋方法,冀希能提出在佛學上另一種方法論上的思考方向。

關鍵字

哲學詮釋學 高達美 佛學

並列摘要


Interpretation as a way of speaking, understanding, and expression is a basic existence of phenomenon. Because it does not involve the truth problems , Hermeneutics has gradually evolved from explaining myths, classics, rhetoric, and textual criticism to the mainstreams of contemporary philosophy. In principle, it has undergone a history of transformation.In general, we can distinguish hermeneutics as classical hermeneutics and philosophical hermeneutics; the former represented is Shilai Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768~1834) and Wilhelm Dilthey (1833~1911); the latter are Heidegger (1889~1976) and Hans-Georg Gadamer 1900~2002). I wanted to find the research method of Buddhism use interpretation philosophical hermeneutics especially on Hans-Georg Gadamer point.

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