戰鬥的福音：二十世紀基督教政治神學論評

A Review on Christian Political Theology in the Twentieth Century

安希孟(An Ximeng)

《宗教哲學》 97期 (2021/09) Pp. 19-53

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.202109_(97).0002

摘要

政治神學曾是一個普世性的雄心勃勃的廣泛概念。它屬於基督教神學思想發展史的一個片段。政治神學可以追溯到斯多葛派。二十世紀施米特光復了政治神學。政治神學依然是歐洲的思潮。歐洲社會經歷各種批判風潮而革新。二十世紀六十年代政治神學的主題再度引起重視。對政治領域的強調再次發揮影響力。現代政治神學對神學與政治的關係模式提出新的看法。政治神學不同於迫使神學家和教牧人員“講論政治”。現代政治神學更注重此岸，而不是對彼岸世界的遐想。具體高於抽象。公共多於私人。實踐重於思辨。歷史的具體多於形而上學。對苦難的思考多於對天國的沉思冥想。以往的政治神學認同現狀，新的政治神學是批判的、實踐的、革命的、反抗的、解放的、激進的、公眾的神學。政治神學接受了馬克思主義的本質的批判性、革命性、實踐性、公共性。它們認真對待馬克思的宗教批評。它也對教會機構和神學傳統進行批判。“非私人化”也是所有政治神學家的綱領。莫爾特曼強調新、舊政治神學的分殊。古老的過時的政治神學叫政治宗教。宗教對世俗社會的“屈從”，就是以宗教為婢女的政治宗教。但另一方面，歐洲政治神學也缺少解放神學拿槍的神父那種實際果敢步驟。當然，對於政治神學的社會後果和道德評價，應該具體問題具體分析，未必總具有革命性進步性。

關鍵字

政治 ； 社會 ； 希望 ； 實踐 ； 批判 ； 未來

並列摘要

This article belongs to a fragment of the development history of Christian theological thought. Political theology goes back to the Stoics. Schmitt revived political theology in the 20th century. Political theology remains the current of thought in Europe. European society has been reinvented by various waves of criticism. The themes of political theology were revived in the 1960s. The emphasis on the political sphere is once again having an impact. Modern political theology puts forward a new view on the relationship between theology and politics. Political theology is not the same as forcing theologians and pastors to ＂talk politics＂. Modern political theology pays more attention to this side than to the reverie of the world beyond. More concrete than abstract. More public than private. Practice is more than speculation. History is more concrete than metaphysics. There is more contemplation of suffering than of heaven. The former political theology identifies with the status quo, while the new political theology is critical, practical, revolutionary, rebellious, liberating, radical and public. Political theology accepts the critical, revolutionary, practical and public nature of Marxism. They take Marx's criticism of religion seriously. It also criticizes church institutions and theological traditions.＂Depersonalization＂ is also the creed of all political theologians. Moltmann emphasized the differentiation between old and new political theology. The old outdated political theology is called political religion. The ＂submission＂ of religion to the secular society is the political religion that takes religion as its handmaid. On the other hand, European political theology also lacks the practical social steps of the gun-toting priests of liberation theology.

並列關鍵字

politics ； society ； hope ； criticism ； world ； future