「三凾教非正教」－論利瑪竇《天主實義》對三一教的批判

利瑪竇在其所著的《天主實義》中不但對佛、道二教有所批判，同樣提出了「三凾教非正教」的觀點。他所謂的三凾教實則是林兆恩所創的三一教，故而利瑪竇對三一教的批判某種程度上也就是對林兆恩「三教合一」論的批判。從利瑪竇對三凾教的具體批判來看大致也是對應林兆恩「三教合一」論中的「道一教三」論和「三門一致」論展開的。儘管利瑪竇對三一教的批判是以傳播天主教為前提，其論證的過程亦缺乏深入的學理依據，但他的觀點至少打破了晚明「三教合一」的主流意識形態，也為晚明士人反思這一思潮有著巨大的借鑒作用。

關鍵字

利瑪竇；林兆恩；三教合一；三一教；《天主實義》

並列摘要

Matteo Ricci not only criticized the two religions of Buddhism and Taoism in his book The Truth of God, he also put forward the viewpoint that ＂The Religion of Three-in-One is not Orthodox＂. His so-called The Religion of Three-in-One is actually The Religion of Three-in-One created by Lin Zhaoen, so Matteo Ricci's critique of The Religion of Three-in-One is to some extent a critique of Lin Zhaoen's theory of ＂the unification of the three religions＂. From the perspective of Matteo Ricci's specific critique of The Religion of Three-in-One, it roughly corresponds to the theory of ＂one Dao，three religion＂ and ＂three religions are the same＂ in Lin Zhaoen's theory of ＂three religions in one＂. Although Matteo Ricci's critique of The Religion of Three-in-One is based on the spread of Catholicism, and the process of argumentation lacks in-depth academic basis, his view at least broke the mainstream ideology of the ＂Three Religions in One＂ in the late Ming Dynasty. Scholars in the late Ming Dynasty have a huge reference role in reflecting on this trend of thought.

並列關鍵字

Matteo Ricci ； Lin Zhaoen ； Three Religions in One ； The Religion of Three-in-One ； The Truth of God

主題瀏覽