校園暴力盛行率及危險因子研究：以台南市國中學生為例

Prevalence and Risk Factors of School Violence: a Survey from Junior High School Students in Tainan

胡淑貞(Shu-Chen Hu) ； 林坤松(Kun-Song Lin)

《學校衛生》 38期 (2001/06) Pp. 32-55

摘要

本研究旨在了解目前國中校園暴力的現況及危險因子，並進一步探討不同嚴重程度的暴力行為之相關危險因子。主要分為兩階段，第一階段路為質性的焦點訪談以發展量性問卷，第二階段採用分層隨機抽樣法針對台南市公私立園中一至三年級學生進行量性調查。共回收有效問卷1487份，園中校園暴力依嚴重程度可區分為嚴重型、次嚴重型及輕微型三類。本研究發現台南市13.2%的國中生在過去一年至少曾發生一項嚴重型暴力事件，47.9%至少曾發生一項次嚴重型暴力事件，61.0%至少曾發一項輕微型暴力事件；不論任何類型，男生所佔的比例皆比女生高。進一步分析國中校園暴力的危險因子發現，個人因素包括吸菸、喝酒、加入幫派、暴力態度及生氣特質；家庭因素包括母親監督及父親體罰；學校因素主要為師生關係；社會環境因素則包括目擊暴力及受害經驗。其中加入幫派、吸菸、及喝酒高等因素顯著與暴力的嚴重程度有關。結果顯示國內校園暴力類型與國外研究的確有質上的差異存在，隨著不同嚴重程度，其社會人口及心理等危險因子，在量上也有差異存在。因此本研究建議我們應發展一套適用於國內青少年的暴力預防計畫，針對各項危險因子，進行事前的預防及事後的處理。

關鍵字

校園暴力 ； 盛行率 ； 危險因子。

並列摘要

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence and corresponding risk factors of different types of school violence of Junior high schools in Tainan. Methods: The study was undertaken in two stages. First, a qualitative focus group was conducted to develop a structured questionnaire of school violence. Second, a sample of subjects was randomly selected from junior high school students in Tainan, and their responses on the questionnaire were collected. Results: Twenty types of school violence were identified and were divided into three categories, severe, less severe, and mild. Resulted showed that 13.2%, 47,9% and 61.0% of respondents claimed that they had involved at least one type of severe, less severe or mild school violence in the past year, respectively. The proportions of violence involvement in male students outweighed in female students regardless of the severity of violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that risk factors at personal category, (including smoking, alcohol drinking, gang joining, positive attitude toward violence, and anger trait), familial category, (including mother's monitoring and father's corporal punishment), school category, (including relationship between teachers and students), and social environmental category, - (including violence witness and being victimized in the past) were significantly associated with the involvement of school violence in these subjects. It was, especially, of interest to notice that smoking, alcohol drinking, and gang joining was significantly associated with the severity of violence. Suggestion: Comparing to foreign countries, different types of school violence were found in this study. Different risk factors were also found to be related to different categories of school violence. Thus, in view of preventing school violence, this study suggests that various risk factors linking to the categories of violence should be taken into account.

並列關鍵字

school violence ； prevalence ； risk factors