學校區段速率管制與新式標誌試辦評估

The Evaluation of Innovative Speed Limit Signs at School Zones

王銘亨(Ming-Heng Wang) ； 洪境聰(Ching-Tsung Hung) ； 熊啓中(Chi-Chung Hsiung) ； 黃錦虹(Chin-hung Huang) ； 黃貴正(Kuei-Cheng Huang) ； 常斐春(Fei-Chun Chang) ； 曾明德(Ming-Der Tseng)

《都市交通》 35卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 29-55

摘要

基於推動學校區段速率管理，確保學童安全的理念，本研究參考先進國家在學校區段速率管制的策略和設施，設計新式學校速限標誌，並選擇桃園市楊光國中小學周邊的三個路段進行試辦，評估新式標誌對於車輛行車速率的影響。依據事前事後的速率調查資料比較分析，發現設置新式學校速限標誌後，在雙向兩車道的路段上，能有效降低車輛的行車速率；小型車部分，平均速率減少2.4-3.3公里／小時，第85百分位速率降低1.0-4.7公里／小時；機車部分，除了在下坡路段之外，平均速率降低5.4-6.1公里／小時，第85百分位速率減少2.7-4.9公里／小時。本研究另參考美國和澳洲對學校區道路的交通安全設計規範，透過以明確的速限和學校標誌（線），劃定學校速率管制區段，同時兼顧非上放學時段和日期的行車效率為原則，研擬修訂「道路交通標誌標線號誌設置規則」中，有關學校路段速率管制之部分條文意見，包括「學校」、速限、「當心學童」或「當心行人」標誌之設置條件和位置，做為未來擴大試辦及交通主管機關修法之參考。

關鍵字

學校區段 ； 速率管制 ； 平均速率 ； 第85百分位速率 ； 超速比率

並列摘要

In order to improve the traffic safety environment of schools, this study considered strategies and speed management technologies in school zones from developed countries and designed a dynamic speed limit sign with flash warning lights. This dynamic sign was implemented at three different roads in a school zone and was assessed for its impact and effectiveness. According to a comparative analysis of the average speeds of vehicles before and after implementation, the driving speed of vehicles decreased on both lanes after the implementation of the sign. For cars, the average speed decreased by 2.4-3.3 kilometers/hour and the 85-percentile speed decreased by 1.0-4.7 kilometers/hour. For motorcycles, the average speed decreased by 5.4-6.1 kilometers/hour and the 85-percentile speed decreased by 2.7-4.9 kilometers/hour. This study considered the MUTCD from the United States of America and Australia in recommending a revision in school zone traffic laws. By clarifying speed limits in school zones and regulating the locations where the dynamic signs are implemented. Different speed limits should be enforced during school times. It is recommended to revise regulations of the implementation of traffic devices about the signages of school zones, including school signs, speed limits, kids and pedestrian signs, as well as supplement signs. The proposed recommendation can provide a reference for further research and regulation amendments.

並列關鍵字

School zone ； Speed limits ； Average speed ； 85th percentile speed ； Percentage of speeding

參考文獻

FHWA (Federal Highway Administration), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD), 2012.

City of Chicago, Children's Safety Zone Program & Automated Speed Enforcement,website:https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/cdot/supp_info/children_s_safetyzoneporgramautomaticspeedenforcement.html. Retrieved on 2019/8/1.

Queensland Transport and Main Roads, Evaluation of flashing school zone signs in Queensland, July 2014.

Webster, D. C. and Mackie, A. M. Review of traffic calming schemes in 20 mph zones, UK: TRL, 1996.

Gloucestershire County Council & Atkins, School Safety Zone Guidance, 2013,