醫院員工對醫療廢棄物之風險知覺－以嘉義地區三所區域醫院為例

Risk Perception of Medical Waste among Hospital Employee 一Case Study of Three Hospitals in the Chia-Yi Area

申斯靜(Szu-Ching Shen) ； 陳中獎(Chung-Chiang Chen) ； 莊惠勤(Hui-Ching Chuang) ； 林怡伶(Yi-Ling Lin)

《醫護科技學刊》 4卷4期 (2002/10) Pp. 321-336

https://doi.org/10.6563/TJHS.2002.4(4).5

摘要

目的：為了暸解醫院中不同單位的員工對於醫療廢棄物之風險知覺，以及影響此風險特性因素之關係，以作為醫院相關單位在管理醫療廢棄物上提供重要的政策指引。材料與方法：本研究針對嘉義地區三所區域醫院362位員工進行問卷調查，並將回收後之有效問卷資料，利用統計套裝軟體SAS進行資料分析。且在統計方法的使用上，透過 one-way analysis of variance (ANOY A)檢定樣本的風險知覺平均值之間的差異，以及利用探索性因素分析來歸類風險特性，並以迴歸來分析歸類後的因素與受訪者風險知覺的相關性。結果：本研究將醫院員工分為醫療、醫護、醫技及行政四類，其分別在不同年資及不同性別，對放射性廢棄物之風險知覺有顯著性差異。此外，研究結果也顯示在醫療人員可利用「恐佈的風險與風險公平牲」及「對防制機關的信心及風險是否為人為」兩項因素、醫護人員－「恐怖的風險與風險的新奇性」及「風險災害的恢復性及是否為人為」兩項因素、醫技人員－「恐怖的風險與災害紀錄及恢復性」及「對防制機關的信心及風險的新奇性」兩項因素、行政人員－「恐怖的風險」及「未知的風險」兩項因素， 來解釋醫院員工對醫療廢棄物風險知覺的高低。結論：在醫療、醫護、醫技及行政人員分別各利用兩個風險特性因素所架構出的四個因素空間圖，並用其來描述這四種醫療廢棄物，將可提供醫院在管理醫療廢棄物的風險知覺上重要的引導方針。此外，醫院也應透過各種傳播管道，讓員工對醫療廢棄物之風險或特性有進一步深入的瞭解。

關鍵字

醫療廢棄物 ； 醫院員工 ； 風險知覺 ； 風險特性

並列摘要

Objective: (1) To examine the relation between risk perceptions of medical waste of employees in different departments and their affecting the risk factors. (2) To provide a medical Waste policy for hospitals and relatives. Methods: A survey was conducted in 2001 involving 362 staff from three hospitals in the Chia-yi area. SAS was used to analyze this study. As for statistical methods, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to examine differences among average sample risk perceptions, categorize risk characteristics with exploratory factor analysis, and analyze the relation between categorized factors and the risk perceptions of individuals interviewed with regression. Results: The study categorized the hospital staff into: physicians with various specialties, nurses, technicians and administrators, and the risk perceptions of staff regarding radioactive waste were found to differ significantly with seniority and- sex Notably, medical employee risk perceptions regarding medical waste can be explained as follows: (1)“dread risk and risk fairness” and “confidence of precaution office and other factors such as whether the risk is man-made among physicians from various specialties. (2) “dread risk and risk novelty” and “the recovery of damage and whether the risk is man-made” among nurses, (3) ”dread risk and record and recovery of damage” and “confidence of precaution office and new risk” among technicians, and (4) ”dread risk” and “unknown risk factor” among administrators. Conclusions: Physicians from various specialties, nurses, technicians and administration individually constructed a four-factor space diagram with these two risk factors and applied it to describe the four varieties of medical waste above. Accordingly, an important guide is provided for hospitals in managing risk perceptions related to medical waste. Moreover, the hospitals must strengthen the understanding of their employees regarding medical waste characteristics and risk through various media channels.

並列關鍵字

Medical waste ； hospital employee ； risk perception ； risk characteristics

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