社區中高齡者養生太極拳課程之實施現況

Curricular Implementation Issues in Tai Chi Chuan Regimen Program for Elderly Community

藍孝勤(Hsiao-Chin Lan)

《大專體育學刊》 11卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 15-29

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200906_11(2).0001

摘要

本研究目的為藉由社區中高齡者養生太極拳課程實施過程中，就「課程目標」、「課程內容」、「課程組織」、「教學媒體」、「練習策略」、「教學評量」，探討所遭遇的問題並提出解決策略。研究參與者為桃園縣大溪鎮河西社區年齡50-74歲之中高齡者33名。本研究採質性研究，以觀察法、訪談法、教學者省思札記進行資料蒐集，並以三角交叉檢證方式，對課程實施進行多次循環回饋、分析、反思、修正，並深入發覺相關問題，提出解決策略。研究結果如下：一、情境分析提供擬定課程目標的方向，課程目標應依不同教學階段分別擬定，並應重視學習經驗在「質」方面的體會。二、誘導性、輔助性、層次性的課程內容，能有效建立中高齡學習者學習太極拳的基礎與信心。三、強化基本功法課程並以「螺旋式排列」方式組織課程，能提升中高齡學習者的學習效果。四、教學媒體製作應以觀看者的學習角度出發，遵循體育技能教學的原則，有系統進行規劃，提高課後自學效果。五、練習採漸進式分組練習，並明確規定練習內容、次數與重點動作要求。六、教學評量應過程評量與結果評量相結合，團體演練評量優於個人演練評量，絕對評量優於相對評量。本研究結論：經由本課程實施中所發現的問題，以及多次循環分析與修正所獲得的解決策略，對社區中高齡者養生太極拳課程之實施具有實務意義；此外，本課程方案具可行性。

關鍵字

中高齡學習者 ； 大溪鎮河西社區 ； 質性研究

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the problems encountered during the implementation of a community-based Tai Chi Chuan regimen program for elderly. Especially, this study focused on six major issues, curricular goals, curricular contents, curricular organization, application of multimedia, strategies of practice, and curricular evaluation were examined and provided with possible solutions. The participants of this study were (n=33, age=54 to 74 years) residents of Haoshi Community of Dashi Township, Taoyuan, Taiwan. This study adopted a qualitative approach and collected data through observations, interviews and teacher’s reflective notes. This study was reexamined, analyzed and corrected the issues related to community-based Tai Chi Chuan regimen program by qualitative content analysis. The results were as follows：(1) Instructors' situational analysis induced several guidelines for curriculum goals which should be set up according to learning stages, and instructors should emphasize the qualitative aspect of learning. (2) When instructors applied inductive, assisted and gradated curriculum approach would effectively build participants' fundamental abilities and confidence. (3) Both enhancing fundamental abilities and organizing the teaching materials in the spiral way can enhance the effectiveness of learning. (4) When preparing multimedia materials, instructors should arrange them from the perspective of learners, follow the principles of teaching and plan them systematically to effectively assist learners' self-learning after classes. (5) It is suggested that when assigning group practice, the program should be arranged in a gradual manner, and precisely assign learning contents, frequency and exact points that participants are about to learn. (6) The evaluation procedures of the program can be formed both by formative and summative evaluation approaches. It was also found that evaluation of group performance is better than that of individual performance, and absolute evaluation is better than relative evaluation. By way of this curriculum practices, the problems had been explored and solution strategies had been obtained. There is a significance of practical implementation to the Tai Chi Chuan regimen program for elderly community. In addition, this program has the feasibility.

並列關鍵字

elderly learners ； Haoshi Community of Dashi Township ； qualitative research

參考文獻

戴靜文(2002)。老人學習動機、學習行爲與學習的有效策略之探討。諮商與輔導。195，33-39。

吳貴琍(2004)。太極拳運動對中老年人抗氧化能力的影響。國立體育學院教練研究所。

Elliott, J.,W. Harlen (Ed.)(1978).Evaluation and the teacher's role.London:Kogan Page.

Lan, C.,Lai, J. S.,Chen, S. Y.,Wong, M. K.(1998).12 month tai chi chuan in the elderly: Its effect on health fitness.Medicine Science Sports Exercise.30(3),345-351.

Misra, R.,Alexy, B.,Panigrahi, B.(1996).The relationship among self-esteem, exercise, and self-rated health in older women.Journal of Women & Aging.8(1),81-94.