不同心肺適能常模端在不同運動強度下之心率變異分析

Heart Rate Variability Analysis for Distinct Cardiopulmonary Fitness Norms Under Different Exercise Intensities

陳鏡崑(Ching-Kun Chen) ； 黃正一(Cheng-Yi Huang) ； 汪在莒(Tasi-Chu Wang) ； 林賢龍(Shyan-Lung Lin) ； 吳杰亮(Chieh-Liang Wu) ； 林哲彥(Jer-Yan Lin) ； 姚廷諺(Ting-Yen Yao) ； 柯奕樺(Yi-Hua Ko)

《大專體育學刊》 23卷2期 (2021/06) Pp. 183-209

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202106_23(2).0006

摘要

本研究目的以1,600m跑走作為心肺適能檢測項目，招募大一新生心肺適能位於全校前20％、中20％、後20％3個常模端群組受測者參與自行車運動實驗，透過最大心率，將運動強度分為輕度、中度及重度運動，並量測受測者在休息狀態、不同強度的運動期間、與運動後恢復期的呼吸、心律、血壓等心肺生理訊號和心電訊號，運用生醫訊號處理與心率變異進行時域分析與頻域分析。且對後端群組進行短期強化運動，再經運動實驗後測，以分析對各項心肺生理訊號和心電訊號心率變異之時域與頻域指標的影響。研究結果顯示：一、心肺適能越差的群組，運動後恢復期心律的恢復能力亦較低，而呼吸頻率和呼吸頻率變化值，能在運動後恢復期，展現群組間差異性。二、心肺適能較佳者，在運動後恢復期，心率變異時域指標值也越高，後端群組在短期強化運動後，也獲得顯著提升，達到心肺適能前端群組的水準。三、心率變異頻域指標，在運動後恢復期，能充分展現心肺適能較佳者，其較佳的運動後恢復能力。本研究結論建議在中度運動下，可利用心律變異之時域與頻域指標來作為心肺適能強弱程度或改善程度的重要觀察依據。

關鍵字

最大心率 ； 心肺生理訊號 ； 心電訊號 ； 時域分析 ； 頻域分析

並列摘要

In this experimental study, university freshmen were recruited as participants, who scored in the top, middle, and bottom 20% of the cardiopulmonary fitness norm with the 1,600-m run/walk test. Cycling was employed as exercise instrumentation for cardiopulmonary endurance with three intensity levels, including light, moderate, and vigorous exercise, based on their maximal heart rate. Participants' dynamic cardiopulmonary physiological signals were measured under rest, exercise periods under distinct intensity levels, and also during recovery periods after exercise. The acquired data were processed with time domain and frequency domain. Statistical analysis unveiled significant differences of cardiovascular response and muscle activity among the groups. The participants of bottom 20% group further performed a short-term intensive exercise program, and repeated the same experimentation to examine the cardiopulmonary physiological signals and electrocardiography (ECG), and also determine the effect of intensive exercise on the heart rate variability (HRV) index. The experimental results revealed that: (1) the bottom cardiopulmonary fitness norm group appeared to have insufficient ability to regain the heart rate back to resting level during the recovery periods. The breathing frequency and its variation were also showed significant differences among the groups during the recovery periods. (2) The better cardiopulmonary fitness norm groups appeared to attain higher time-domain HRV indices values during the recovery periods. The bottom group might improve index values after the short-term intensive exercise. (3) The HRV frequency-domain indices exhibited good indication for the superior cardiopulmonary fitness norm groups to access superior recovering ability during the recovery periods. This study concludes that the time domain and frequency domain indicators of HRV can be used as an important observation basis for the strength or improvement of cardiopulmonary fitness under moderate exercise intensity.

並列關鍵字

maximal heart rate ； cardiopulmonary physiological signals ； electrocardiography ； time domain ； frequency domain

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